Systems and methods for automated cell culturing

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods for automated cell culturing are disclosed. In some embodiments, one or more cell culture vessels are fluidly connected with one or more multiport valves and one or more fluid pumps. The fluid pumps may pump various fluids into and out of the cell culture vessels as necessary to support cell growth, routed by the one or more multiport valves. In some embodiments, one or more components may be removable from other components so that some components may be prepared and sterilized independently prior to usage.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims benefit of priority to U.S. ProvisionalApplication No. 62/719,652 entitled “Automated Cell Culture,” filed Aug.19, 2018, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

FIELD OF INVENTION

This specification generally relates to systems and methods forculturing cells.

BACKGROUND

Cells may be grown, or cultured, under controlled conditions in alaboratory or industrial setting for various purposes. Typically, cellsare grown in an enclosed vessel and covered with a solution referred toas a cell culture medium that provides essential nutrients and othersupplements to help the cells grow. Examples of vessels used in cellculture include flat circular dishes such as Petri dishes or laboratoryflasks. As cells grow and multiply they consume the nutrients in thecell culture medium and produce waste byproducts. For this reason, thecell culture medium must be periodically changed so that the cellscontinue to flourish. In addition, cell cultures may be expanded bytransferring a portion of a cells to new vessels, providing additionalvolume or area within which the cells can grow. This process oftransferring a portion of cells to new vessels may be referred to aspassaging or subculturing. Additionally, cells can be removed from thevessel in preparation for their use. The process of separating cellsfrom the vessel they are grown in may be referred to as harvesting.

Cell cultures usually proliferate following a standard growth pattern.The first phase of growth after the culture is seeded is the lag phase,which is a period of slow growth when the cells are adapting to theculture environment. The lag phase is followed by the logarithmic phasein which cells proliferate exponentially and consume nutrients in thegrowth medium. As a cell culture reaches the capacity of the environmentby either consuming all the nutrients in the growth medium or occupyingall of the space available, growth slows, and cells enter a stationaryor plateau phase in which the proliferation is greatly reduced or ceasesentirely. Known cell culture procedures often include passaging thecells prior to entering this stationary phase to optimize growth.

Adherent cells grow attached to a surface, such as the bottom of aculture flask or dish. The amount of cells in the flask is normallymeasured as the percentage of the growth surface covered by cells,referred to as percentage confluency. Adherent cells have to be detachedfrom the surface before they can be removed from a vessel. Cells may bedetached by one of several methods, including mechanically scraping orusing enzymes such as trypsin to cleave adhesion to the vessel surface.The detached cells are then resuspended in fresh growth medium andallowed to settle back onto a growth surface.

These processes of removing spent medium from cell culture vessels,adding fresh medium, detaching adherent cells, and transferring cellsfrom one vessel to another are typically carried out by laborious manualprocedures. For example, known cell culturing methods often includerepeated operations that involve moving the cells (within the cellculture vessels) between various work stations and/or opening the cellculture vessels to move fluids into and out of the vessels.Specifically, known methods include first loading the cells and cellculture medium into the vessels in an aseptic environment (e.g., alaminar flow hood). After being prepared, the cell culture vessels areclosed (to minimize contamination) and moved to an incubator tofacilitate growth. The cell culture containers are often manuallymonitored to determine the appropriate time to change the cell culturemedium, as well as periodically manually monitoring to inspectparameters such as, for example, confluence and cell morphology, byremoving the vessels from the incubator and imaging under a microscope.These manual monitoring steps usually require travelling to the lab justto check on the cultures and determine whether other operations need tobe performed. When it is time to change the cell culture medium, thecell culture vessels are then moved from the incubator to an asepticenvironment, opened (or otherwise connected to a source of waste andfresh cell culture medium), and the fluids are transferred to and/orfrom the cell culture vessels. The vessels are also moved and/or openedto complete other operations, such as cell passaging or cell harvesting.

Such known procedures are inefficient, costly, and susceptible tocontamination. For example, repeatedly opening the cell culture systemand moving the cell culture vessels between lab stations potentiallyexposes the cells to contamination. Additionally, every operation thatis manually performed is expensive and also susceptible to contamination(or cell damage) due to the operator not following proper procedures.Further, determining when to change medium or when to passage cells istypically done according to a predetermined schedule, which may not beoptimal. Adhering to set schedules can result in additional (andpotentially unnecessary) use of a laminar flow hood (the operation ofwhich can consume large amounts of energy and can therefore be costly).Adhering to set schedules can also result in reduced efficiency for cellgrowth (e.g., if the cell growth reaches the plateau phase before thecell culture medium is exchanged).

Thus, a need exists for cell culturing systems that improve theefficiency and limit potential contamination during cell culturing.Specifically, a need exists for systems and methods for automating thecell culture procedures, for maintaining the cell culture system in aclosed aseptic environment during the culturing, and for allowingefficient set-up and use. A need also exists for an automated cellculturing system that can optionally operate with existing off-the-shelfcell culturing vessels.

SUMMARY

According to one implementation, this specification describes systemsand methods for automatically culturing cells. Automated cell culturesystems disclosed herein enable scientists to accelerate their researchand development by automating manual cell culture. Systems and methodsdisclosed in various embodiments may provide for automated cell growthmedia replenishment, automated passaging of cells, and/or automated cellculture analysis. These automated cell culture systems and methods mayincrease efficiency and decrease error compared to manual cell cultureoperations. Furthermore, these embodiments increase the quantity andquality of data points on cell culture available to scientists viaintegrated automated analysis mechanisms.

An automated cell culture system according to an embodiment includes ahousing with a valve actuator and a fluid pump disposed within thehousing. The automated cell culture system also includes a removabletray configured to removably mate to the housing. A plurality of cellculture vessel brackets attached to the removable tray are configured tohold a respective plurality of cell culture vessels, where each cellculture vessel is capped with an aseptic lid. A selector valve isconfigured to couple to the valve actuator of the housing when theremovable tray is mated with the housing. A plurality of media sourcesmay be provided that are, in some embodiments, external to the housingand removable tray. The multiport selector valve is configured tofluidly connect a master port to a selected one of a plurality ofselectable ports, where the master port of the multiport selector valveis fluidly connected to the fluid pump, and each of the plurality ofcell culture vessels and media sources are directly fluidly connected toa respective one of the plurality of selectable ports of the multiportselector valve. In some embodiments, the plurality of cell culturevessels and their aseptic lids, the multiport selector valve, and thefluid connections therebetween form a first aseptically sealed systemattached to the removable tray.

In some embodiments, a method of cell line maintenance using anautomated cell culture system includes transmitting a command to amovable imaging system of an automated cell culture system to image thecells within a selected vessel of the automated cell culture system;receiving from the imaging system an image of the cells within theselected vessel; based on the image of the cells within the selectedvessel, measuring a cell passaging criterion; comparing the cellpassaging criterion to a threshold cell passaging criterion; based onthe comparing, determining to initiate passaging of the cells within theselected vessel to a subculture vessel. The method of cell linemaintenance also includes passaging a configured portion of the cells ofthe selected vessel to the subculture vessel; and transmitting anotification that the automated cell culture system has passaged theconfigured portion of cells of the selected vessel to the subculturevessel. Other embodiments of this aspect include corresponding computersystems, apparatus, and computer programs recorded on one or morecomputer storage devices, each configured to perform the actions of themethods.

The details of one or more implementations of the subject matterdescribed in this specification are set forth in the accompanyingdrawings and the description below. Other potential features, aspects,and advantages of the subject matter will become apparent from thedescription, the drawings, and the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present disclosure will become more fully understood from thedetailed description and the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1A illustrates a schematic view of an automated cell culture systemaccording to an embodiment.

FIG. 1B illustrates a schematic view of an automated cell culture systemaccording to an embodiment.

FIG. 2 illustrates a top view of an automated cell culture systemaccording to an embodiment.

FIG. 3A illustrates a top-down view of a base housing of an automatedcell culture system according to an embodiment.

FIG. 3B illustrates a removable tray assembly of an automated cellculture system according to an embodiment.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example removable tray of an automated cellculture system being mated to an example base housing according to anembodiment.

FIG. 5 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an example multiport valveaccording to an embodiment.

FIG. 6A illustrates an example multiport valve according to anembodiment.

FIG. 6B illustrates a bottom view of an example multiport valve.

FIG. 7 illustrates a cell culture vessel lid according to an embodiment.

FIG. 8 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a cell culture vessel lidaccording to an embodiment.

FIG. 9 illustrates the steps of a method for transferring liquid from afirst vessel to a second vessel using an automated cell culture systemwith a single-port pump according to an embodiment.

FIG. 10 illustrates the steps of a method for transferring liquid from afirst vessel to a second vessel using an automated cell culture systemwith a two-port pump according to an embodiment.

FIG. 11 illustrates the steps of a method for replacing cell culturemedia during adherent cell line maintenance.

FIG. 12 illustrates the steps of a method for adherent cell linemaintenance or expansion with passaging to a new cell culture vessel.

FIG. 13 illustrates the steps of a method for suspension cell linemaintenance with optional passaging.

FIG. 14 illustrates the steps of a method for suspension cell lineexpansion.

FIG. 15 illustrates an example machine of a computer system within whicha set of instructions, for causing the machine to perform any one ormore of the methodologies discussed herein, may be executed.

FIG. 16A is a schematic illustration of a tray assembly of a cellculturing system, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 16B is a schematic illustration of a base unit of a cell culturingsystem, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 16C is a schematic illustration of a cell culturing system,according to an embodiment, including the tray assembly shown in FIG.16A and the base unit shown in FIG. 16B.

FIG. 17 is a schematic illustration of an electronic control system of acell culturing system, according to an embodiment.

FIGS. 18-20 are each an example screenshot showing various GUI elementsproduced in connection with operation of the electronic control system.

FIG. 21 is a top view of a tray assembly of a cell culturing system,according to an embodiment.

FIG. 22 is a top view of the tray assembly of FIG. 21 shown disposedwithin a protective overwrap.

FIG. 23 is a top view of the tray assembly of FIG. 21 illustrating afluid pump being coupled to the tray assembly.

FIG. 24 is a perspective view of a portion of the tray assembly of FIG.21 illustrating the fluid pump of FIG. 23 being coupled to the trayassembly.

FIG. 25 is a perspective view of a portion of the tray assembly of FIG.21 illustrating a cell culture container being coupled to the trayassembly.

FIG. 26 is a top view of the tray assembly of FIG. 21 showing the fluidpump of FIG. 23 and three cell culture containers coupled to the trayassembly.

FIG. 27 is a top view of the tray assembly of FIG. 21 shown couple to abase unit, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 28 is a perspective view of a multiport valve being couple to thebase unit of FIG. 27.

FIG. 29 is a top view of a portion of the base unit of FIG. 27.

FIG. 30 is a perspective view of the tray assembly of FIG. 21 couple tothe base unit of FIG. 27.

FIG. 31 is a flowchart illustrating a method of preparing a cellculturing system for use in a cell culturing procedure, according to anembodiment.

FIG. 32 is a perspective view of an imaging device of a base unit of acell culturing system, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 33 is a top view of the imaging device of FIG. 32.

FIG. 34 is a side view of the imaging device of FIG. 32.

FIG. 35 is a perspective view of a tray assembly of a cell culturingsystem, according to another embodiment.

FIG. 36 is a perspective view of a portion of the tray assembly of FIG.35 with removable components removed.

FIG. 37 is a perspective view of a portion of the tray assembly of FIG.35. Showing a multiport valve, lids and a fluid pump coupled to thetray.

FIG. 38 is a perspective view of a base unit of the cell culturingsystem that can be used with the tray assembly of FIG. 35.

FIG. 39 is a perspective view of a pump actuator of the base unit ofFIG. 38.

FIG. 40 is a perspective view of the base unit of FIG. 38 with a fluidpump and multiport valve coupled thereto.

FIG. 41 is a partial exploded view of a portion of the base unit of FIG.38, illustrating the multiport valve prior to being assembled to thebase unit.

FIG. 42 is a side view of the base unit of FIG. 38.

FIG. 43 is a side view and FIG. 44 is an opposite side view of the baseunit of FIG. 38 illustrating the interior of the base unit.

FIG. 45 is a perspective view of a cell culturing system, according toanother embodiment.

FIG. 46 is a top view of the cell culturing system of FIG. 45.

FIG. 47 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 47-47 in FIG. 46.

FIG. 48 is a perspective view of a tray assembly, according to anembodiment.

FIG. 49 is a top view of the tray assembly of FIG. 48.

FIG. 50 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 50-50 in FIG. 49.

FIG. 51 is a perspective view of a base unit, according to anembodiment.

FIG. 52 is to view of a cell culturing system, according to anotherembodiment.

FIG. 53 is a side view of the cell culturing system of FIG. 52illustrating an imaging system disposed within an interior of the baseunit.

FIG. 54 is a top view of a base unit of the cell culturing system ofFIG. 52.

FIG. 55 is a top view of a tray assembly of the cell culturing system ofFIG. 52.

FIG. 56 is a side view of the tray assembly of FIG. 55.

FIG. 57 is a top view of the tray of the tray assembly of FIG. 55.

FIG. 58 is a front view of a pair of incubators with multiple cellculturing systems disposed on shelves therein.

FIG. 59 is system diagram illustrating an example fluidic setup within asystem during a cell culturing procedure.

FIG. 60 is a table illustrating the contents shown in FIG. 59.

FIGS. 61A-61B include a table illustrating an example of a cellpassaging procedure.

FIGS. 62A-62C illustrate a container lid according to an embodiment.

FIG. 63A is a top view of a multiport valve, according to an embodiment;and FIG. 63B is a bottom view of the multiport valve of FIG. 63A.

FIG. 63C is a side view of the multiport valve of FIG. 63A and FIG. 63Dis a cross-sectional view taken along line 64D-64D in FIG. 63C.

FIG. 64A is a cross-sectional view of the valve body of the multiportvalve of FIGS. 63A-63D.

FIG. 64B is a side view and FIG. 64C is a cross-sectional side view ofthe valve body of FIG. 64A.

FIG. 65A is a side view of a valve rotor of the multiport valve of FIG.63A; FIG. 65B is a cross-sectional view taken along line 65B-65B in FIG.65A; and FIG. 65C is a top view of the valve rotor.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In some embodiments, an apparatus includes a tray, a first lid, a secondlid, and a multiport valve. The tray is configured to be removablycoupled to a housing of a base unit. The tray has a first couplerconfigured to couple a first container to the tray and a second couplerconfigured to couple a second container to the tray. The first lid isconfigured to be coupled to the first container and includes a firstliquid exchange port and a first gas exchange port. The second lid isconfigured to be coupled to the second container and includes a secondliquid exchange port and a second gas exchange port. The multiport valvecoupled to the tray and including a master port and a set of selectableports. The multiport valve is configured to engage a valve actuator ofthe base unit and be coupled to a fluid pump coupled to the base unit. Afirst selectable port of the set of selectable ports is asepticallycoupled to the first liquid exchange port of the first lid. A secondselectable port of the set of selectable ports aseptically coupled tothe second liquid exchange port of the second lid.

In some embodiments, the first coupler maintains the first container ina fixed position on the tray and the second coupler maintains the secondcontainer in a fixed position on the tray during operation of theapparatus. In some embodiments, the first container is a cell culturecontainer configured to receive a cell sample and the second containeris one of a waste container, a reagent container, or a cell harvestcontainer. In some embodiments, the first coupler is configured toremovably couple the cell culture container to the tray. In someembodiments, the cell culture container and the tray each include atransparent portion. The first coupler is configured to couple the cellculture container to the tray such that the transparent portion of thecell culture container is aligned with the transparent portion of thetray.

In some embodiments, the multiport valve and the fluid pump areconfigured to transfer fluid between the first container and the secondcontainer in a closed, aseptic system. In some embodiments, themultiport valve is removably coupled to the tray and is also configuredto be removably coupled to a valve actuator of the base unit. In someembodiments, the pump includes a pump actuator and a pump body defininga pumping chamber. The pump body is configured to be coupled to themaster port of the multiport valve.

In some embodiments, the tray is configured to engage an agitatorcoupled to the base unit. The agitator is configured to agitate the traywhen actuated.

In some embodiments, the apparatus includes a counting chip coupled tothe tray and coupled to a third selectable port of the multiport valve.The counting chip is configured to receive a portion of a cell samplemixture from the first container at periodic time intervals.

In some embodiments, the tray, the first lid, the second lid, and themultiport valve are enclosed within a wrap. In some embodiments, thetray, the first lid, the second lid, and the multiport valve aresterilized within the wrap.

In some embodiments, a base unit of a cell culturing system includes ahousing, a pump actuator, and a valve actuator. The housing defines (orincludes) a receiving portion configured to removably receive a cellculture tray assembly. The cell culture tray assembly includes a tray, afirst lid coupled to the tray that can be removably coupled to a firstcontainer, and a second lid coupled to the tray that can be removablycoupled to a second container. The first lid and the second lid eachinclude a liquid exchange port and a gas exchange port. The cell culturetray also includes a multiport valve coupled to the tray and including amaster port and a set of selectable ports. The pump actuator is coupledto the housing and configured to be operatively coupled to a fluid pumpcoupled to the master port of the multiport valve. The valve actuator iscoupled to the housing and is configured to be coupled to the multiportvalve when the cell culture tray assembly is coupled to the receivingportion of the housing. The valve actuator and the pump actuator arecollectively configured to selectively move a fluid into and out of thefirst container coupled to the first lid and into and out of the secondcontainer coupled to the second lid.

In some embodiments, the multiport valve is configured to be removedfrom the tray and coupled to the valve actuator while a first port ofthe multiport valve is aseptically coupled to the first lid and a secondport of the multiport valve is aseptically coupled to the second lid. Insome embodiments, the valve actuator includes a keyed drive memberconfigured to matingly engage the multiport valve.

In some embodiments, the fluid pump is aseptically coupled to the masterport of the multiport valve via a length of tubing. In some embodiments,the fluid pump is any one of a piston pump, a peristaltic pump, or avane pump.

In some embodiments, the base unit further includes an agitator coupledto the housing and configured to engage the cell culture tray assemblywhen the cell culture assembly is coupled to the housing. The agitatoris configured to agitate the cell culture tray assembly when actuated.In some embodiments, the receiving portion of the housing includes asupport plate coupled to the agitator. The support plate includes asurface to which the cell culture tray assembly can be removablycoupled.

In some embodiments, the base unit further includes (or is coupled to)an electronic (or computer) control system configured to controlmovement of the fluid into and out of the first container coupled to thefirst lid and into and out of the second container coupled to the secondlid. In some embodiments, the base unit includes a sensor movablycoupled to the housing and configured to produce a cell signalassociated with a quantity of cells within the first container. In someembodiments, sensor is an imaging device coupled to the housing andconfigured to image the contents within the first container such that atleast one of a confluence or a density of the cells within the firstcontainer can be determined. In some embodiments, the sensor isconfigured to monitor a color of the contents of the first container.The first container can contain a color-based pH indicator such that apH of the contents of the first container can be determined.

In some embodiments, a base unit of a cell culturing system includes ahousing, a pump actuator, a valve actuator, and an electronic controlsystem. The housing defines a receiving portion configured to removablyreceive a cell culture tray assembly. The cell culture tray assemblyincludes a tray, a first lid coupled to the tray that can be removablycoupled to a first container, and a second lid coupled to the tray thatcan be removably coupled to a second container. The cell culture trayalso includes a multiport valve coupled to the tray and including amaster port and a set of selectable ports. The pump actuator is coupledto the housing and configured to be operatively coupled to a fluid pump.The valve actuator is coupled to the housing and is configured to becoupled to the multiport valve when the cell culture tray assembly iscoupled to the receiving portion of the housing. The valve actuator andthe pump actuator are collectively configured to selectively move afluid into and out of the first container coupled to the first lid andinto and out of the second container coupled to the second lid. Theelectronic control system includes a cell sensor, a cell sensor module,and an actuator module. The cell sensor is configured to produce anoutput associated with the contents within the first container. The cellsensor module is implemented in at least one of a memory or a processingdevice of the electronic control system and produces a cell signalassociated with a quantity of cells within the first container based onthe output of the cell sensor. The actuator module is implemented in atleast one of the memory or the processing device and receives the cellsignal and produces, based on the cell signal, at least one of a valvecontrol signal or a pump signal to cause movement of cells out of thefirst container.

In some embodiments, the actuator module is configured to controlmovement of a first volume of fluid out of the first container and intoa waste container, and movement of a second volume of fluid out of areagent container and into the first container. In some embodiments, theactuator module is configured to control movement of a volume of anenzyme into the first container to facilitate cell dissociation ofadherent cells within the first container.

In some embodiments, the apparatus includes an agitator coupled to thehousing and configured to engage the tray assembly when the trayassembly is coupled to the receiving portion. The agitator is configuredto agitate the tray assembly. The actuator module of the electroniccontrol system is configured to control the actuation of the agitator(e.g., when to agitate and the time period of the agitation).

In some embodiments, the cell sensor is movably coupled to the housing.The sensor module is configured to control movement of the cell sensorrelative to the housing such that the cell sensor can be aligned withthe first container.

In some embodiments, the base unit includes a valve sensor configured toproduce a valve position signal associated with a rotation position ofthe valve actuator. The valve position signal indicates a selection ofone of the selectable ports of the multiport valve. The actuator moduleis configured to produce the valve control signal based in part on thevalve position signal. In some embodiments, the base unit includes apump sensor configured to produce a pump signal associated with aposition of the pump actuator during operation. The actuator module isconfigured to produce the pump control signal based in part on the pumpsignal.

In some embodiments, the electronic control system further includes aradio configured to electronically communicate with a computing device.The radio is configured to send to the computing device a wirelesssignal associated with a measurement associated with a quantity of cellswithin the first container.

In some embodiments, a base unit of a cell culturing system includes ahousing, a pump actuator, a valve actuator, and an electronic controlsystem. The housing defines a receiving portion configured to removablyreceive a cell culture tray assembly. The cell culture tray assemblyincludes a tray, a first cell culture container, a second cell culturecontainer, a reagent container, a waste container, and a multiportvalve. The multiport valve includes a master port and a set ofselectable ports. A first selectable port is coupled to the first cellculture container, a second selectable port is coupled to the secondcell culture container, a third selectable port is coupled to thereagent container, and a fourth selectable port is coupled to the wastecontainer. The pump actuator is coupled to the housing and configured tobe operatively coupled to a fluid pump coupled to the master port of themultiport valve. The valve actuator is coupled to the housing and isconfigured to be coupled to the multiport valve. The electronic controlsystem is operably coupled to the valve actuator and the pump actuator.The electronic control system includes an actuator module implemented inat least one of a memory or a processing device, and that is configuredto produce a series of valve control signals and pump control signals.Specifically, the actuator module can produce a first valve controlsignal to cause the valve actuator to actuate the multiport valve and afirst pump control signal to cause the pump actuator to actuate thefluid pump to move a cell culture media from the first cell culturecontainer to the waste container. The actuator module can produce asecond valve control signal to cause the valve actuator to actuate themultiport valve and a second pump control signal to cause the pumpactuator to actuate the fluid pump to move a reagent from the reagentcontainer to the first cell culture container. The actuator module canproduce a third valve control signal to cause the valve actuator toactuate the multiport valve and a third pump control signal to cause thepump actuator to actuate the fluid pump to move a plurality of cellsfrom the first cell culture container to the second cell culturecontainer.

In some embodiments, the electronic control system includes a cellsensor module implemented in at least one of the memory or theprocessing device. The cell sensor module receives an output from a cellsensor and produces a cell signal indicating a dissociation of cellswithin the first cell culture container. The actuator module isconfigured to produce at least one of the third valve control signal orthe third pump control signal in response to the cell signal. In someembodiments, the cell sensor is microscope and the output from themicroscope is an image. The cell sensor module is configured to producethe cell signal indicating the dissociation of cells based on the image.In some embodiments, the cell sensor module is configured to produce analignment signal to move the cell sensor into alignment with the firstcell culture container.

In some embodiments, the base unit includes an agitator coupled to thehousing and configured to engage the tray assembly. The agitator isconfigured to agitate the tray assembly. The actuator module of theelectronic control system is configured to produce an agitator signal tocause agitation of the tray assembly.

In some embodiments, a computer-implemented method includes receiving atan electronic control system of a cell culture assembly, a sensor outputfrom a sensor of the cell culture assembly. The cell culture assemblyincludes a disposable cell culture tray assembly couplable to a reusablebase unit. The cell culture tray assembly includes a tray, a first lidcoupled to a first container, a second lid coupled to a secondcontainer, and a multiport valve coupled to the tray. The multiportvalve includes a plurality of selectable ports and a master port coupledto a fluid pump. At least one of the first container or the secondcontainer contains a plurality of cells. A cell signal associated with aquantity of the plurality of cells within one of the first container andthe second container is produced based on the sensor output. Based onthe cell signal, at least one of a valve control signal to actuate themultiport valve or a pump control signal actuate the fluid pump isproduced at the electronic control system to initiate flow of fluid outof at least one of the first container or the second container.

In some embodiments, the sensor is a part of an optical measurementassembly configured to move the sensor, and the method further includessending a position signal to the optical measurement assembly to movethe sensor into a measurement position relative to at least one of thefirst container or the second container. In some embodiments, the cellsensor is microscope and the sensor output from the microscope is animage. The electronic control system can produce the cell signalindicating a dissociation of cells within the first container or thesecond container based on the image.

In some embodiments, the base unit includes an agitator operably coupledto the tray of the tray assembly. The method optionally includes sendingfrom the electronic control system to the agitator an agitator signal toactuate agitation of the tray assembly to maintain cells within at leastone of the first container or the second container in suspension. Insome embodiments, the method includes sending, after the sending anagitator signal, at least one of an actuator signal or a pump signal tocause flow of a fluid mixture out of one of the first container and thesecond container and into a counting chip fluidically coupled to the oneof the first container and the second container.

In some embodiments, a computer-implemented method can control fluidmovement within a cell culture assembly that includes a disposable cellculture tray assembly coupled to a reusable base unit. The methodincludes producing, via an actuator module of an electronic controlsystem of the cell culture assembly, a first valve control signal and afirst pump control signal. The first valve control signal causes a valveactuator of the base unit to actuate a multiport valve to fluidicallycouple a first selectable port of the multiport valve to a master portof the multiport valve. The master port is fluidically coupled to afluid pump and each selectable port is fluidically coupled to one of afirst cell culture container, a second cell culture container, a reagentcontainer, or a waste container. The first pump control signal causes apump actuator of the base unit to actuate the fluid pump to move a cellculture media from the first cell culture container to the wastecontainer. A second valve control signal is produced causing the valveactuator to actuate the multiport valve to fluidically couple a secondselectable port to the master port and a second pump control signalcausing the pump actuator to actuate the fluid pump to move a reagentfrom the reagent container to the first cell culture container. A thirdvalve control signal is produced causing the valve actuator to actuatethe multiport valve to fluidically couple a third selectable port to themaster port and a third pump control signal causing the pump actuator toactuate the fluid pump to move a plurality of cells from the first cellculture container to the second cell culture container.

In some embodiments, the method includes producing, via the actuatormodule, a fourth valve control signal causing the valve actuator toactuate the multiport valve to fluidically couple a fourth selectableport to the master port and a fourth pump control signal causing thepump actuator to actuate the fluid pump to move a wash media from a washcontainer into any one of the multiport valve, a holding volume, or atube coupled to the multiport valve, or a cell culture vessel.

In some embodiments, the base unit includes a cell sensor and the methodincludes receiving an output from the cell sensor. A cell signal isproduced indicating a dissociation of cells within the first cellculture container. The actuator module produces at least one of thethird valve control signal or the third pump control signal in responseto the cell signal. In some embodiments, the method includes producingan alignment signal to move the cell sensor into alignment with thefirst cell culture container.

In some embodiments, a computer-implemented method can control fluidmovement within a cell culture assembly based on measured or calculatedvalues of the amount of fluid within one or more containers. The cellculture assembly includes a disposable cell culture tray assemblycoupled to a reusable base unit. The method includes producing, via anactuator module of an electronic control system of the cell cultureassembly, a first valve control signal and a first pump control signal.The first valve control signal causes a valve actuator of the base unitto actuate a multiport valve to fluidically couple a first selectableport of the multiport valve to a master port of the multiport valve. Themaster port is fluidically coupled to a fluid pump. Each selectable portis fluidically coupled to one of a cell culture container, a second cellculture container, or a cell culture media container. The first pumpcontrol signal causes a pump actuator of the base unit to actuate thefluid pump to move a first volume of cell culture media from the cellculture media container to the first cell culture container. A volume offluid within the first cell culture container is determined. The methodincludes producing, via the actuator module when the volume of fluid isbelow a threshold volume, a second valve control signal and a secondpump control signal. The second valve control signal causes the valveactuator to actuate the valve or otherwise maintain the fluidic couplingof the first selectable port and the master port of the multiport valve.The second pump control signal causes the pump actuator of the base unitto actuate the fluid pump to move a second volume of cell culture mediafrom the cell culture media container to the first cell culturecontainer. The method includes producing via the actuator module whenthe volume of fluid is above the threshold volume, a third valve controlsignal and a third pump control signal. The third valve control signalcauses the valve actuator to actuate the multiport valve to fluidicallycouple a second selectable port of the plurality of selectable ports tothe master port of the multiport valve. The third pump control signalcauses the pump actuator of the base unit to actuate the fluid pump tomove a plurality of cells from the first cell culture container to thesecond cell culture container.

In some embodiments, a method includes removing a cell culture trayassembly from an outer protective wrap. The tray assembly includes atray, a first lid, a second lid, and a multiport valve. The first lid iscoupled to the tray and configured to be removably coupled to a firstcontainer. The first lid includes a first liquid exchange port and afirst gas exchange port. The second lid is coupled to the tray andconfigured to be removably coupled to a second container. The second lidincludes a second liquid exchange port and a second gas exchange port.The multiport valve is coupled to the tray and includes a master portand a plurality of selectable ports. A first selectable port of theplurality of selectable ports is aseptically coupled to the first liquidexchange port of the first lid, and a second selectable port of theplurality of selectable ports is aseptically coupled to the secondliquid exchange port of the second lid. At least one cell is added to afirst container through an opening of the first container. The first lidis secured to the first container to close the opening. The trayassembly is couple to a base unit. A valve actuator of the base unit isengaged with the multiport valve of the tray assembly after coupling thetray assembly or simultaneous with coupling the tray assembly to thebase unit. A fluid pump is coupled to a pump actuator of the base unit.

In some embodiments, the method includes, after coupling the trayassembly and coupling a fluid pump, moving the base unit with the trayassembly coupled thereto to an incubation environment. In someembodiments, the method includes removing the multiport valve from thetray assembly and coupling the multiport valve to the base unit suchthat that the valve actuator of the base unit matingly engages themultiport valve. In some embodiments, removing the multiport valve isperformed while the first selectable port of the multiport valve isaseptically coupled to the first lid and the second selectable port ofthe multiport valve is aseptically coupled to the second lid. In someembodiments, the removing, adding, and securing are done in an asepticenvironment. In some embodiments, before securing the first lid to thefirst container, a volume of reagent and at least one cell are added tothe first container. In some embodiments, after securing the first lidto the first container, the first container is coupled to a coupler ofthe tray assembly. In some embodiments, the method further includescoupling the fluid pump to a port of the multiport valve via tubing. Insome embodiments, coupling the fluid pump to the multiport valveincludes coupling a master port of the multiport valve to the fluid pumpvia the tubing.

The term “about” when used in connection with a referenced numericindication means the referenced numeric indication plus or minus up to10% of that referenced numeric indication. For example, “about 100”means from 90 to 110. The term “substantially” when used in connectionwith, for example, a geometric relationship, a numerical value, and/or arange is intended to convey that the geometric relationship (or thestructures described thereby), the number, and/or the range so definedis nominally the recited geometric relationship, number, and/or range.For example, two structures described herein as being “substantiallyparallel” is intended to convey that, although a parallel geometricrelationship is desirable, some non-parallelism can occur in a“substantially parallel” arrangement. By way of another example, astructure defining a volume that is “substantially 0.50 milliliters(mL)” is intended to convey that, while the recited volume is desirable,some tolerances can occur when the volume is “substantially” the recitedvolume (e.g., 0.50 mL). Such tolerances can result from manufacturingtolerances, measurement tolerances, and/or other practicalconsiderations (such as, for example, minute imperfections, age of astructure so defined, a pressure or a force exerted within a system,and/or the like). As described above, a suitable tolerance can be, forexample, of ±10% of the stated geometric construction, numerical value,and/or range.

As used herein, the term “reagent” includes any substance that is usedin connection with any of the reactions described herein. For example, areagent can include a buffer, an enzyme, a cell culture medium, a washsolution, or the like. A reagent can include a mixture of one or moreconstituents. A reagent can include such constituents regardless oftheir state of matter (e.g., solid, liquid or gas). Moreover, a reagentcan include the multiple constituents that can be included in asubstance in a mixed state, in an unmixed state and/or in a partiallymixed state. A reagent can include both active constituents and inertconstituents. Accordingly, as used herein, a reagent can includenon-active and/or inert constituents such as, water, colorant or thelike.

As used herein, the term “set” can refer to multiple features or asingular feature with multiple parts. For example, when referring to setof walls, the set of walls can be considered as one wall with multipleportions, or the set of walls can be considered as multiple, distinctwalls. Thus, a monolithically-constructed item can include a set ofwalls. Such a set of walls can include, for example, multiple portionsthat are either continuous or discontinuous from each other. A set ofwalls can also be fabricated from multiple items that are producedseparately and are later joined together (e.g., via a weld, an adhesive,or any suitable method)

FIG. 1A illustrates a schematic view of an automated cell culture systemaccording to an embodiment. This example automated cell culture system100 has three cell culture vessels 111, 113, and 115. These vessels maybe laboratory flasks or dishes, for example. The cell culture vesselshold cell cultures, growth medium, and any other additives or reagentsassociated with cell culture. The cell cultures within the vessels maybeany kind of adherent or suspension cell cultures.

Fluid pumps 103 and 105 pump are one-port fluid pumps that contain aninternal fluid reservoir. An example of a one-port fluid pump is asyringe mated to a syringe driver. A syringe fluid pump may draw fluidinto its internal reservoir through creating suction in the reservoir bypulling out the syringe's plunger. Similarly, the syringe pump may pushfluid out of the reservoir by pushing the plunger back in to thesyringe. In other embodiments, one or both of fluid pumps 103, 105 maycomprise a bi-directional in-line pump with a separate reservoir. Thebi-directional pump may be, for example, a peristaltic pump orimpeller-based fluid pump that is capable of pumping fluid in twodirections along a fluid channel. A bi-directional in-line pump may bemated to a dedicated reservoir on one end and the other end used as aninput and output port with behavior similar to the syringe pump. Thededicated reservoir mated to the pump may be flexible and sealed, e.g.,a bag or pouch, such that air pockets do not form in the reservoir whenfluid is pumped out of it.

Fluid pumps 103 and 105 are each respectively fluidly connected tomultiport valves 107 and 109. Multiport valves 107 and 109 have onemaster port and a plurality of selectable ports. The multiport valvesmay selectively fluidly connect the master port to one of the selectableports at a time. If the master port of a multiport valve is connected toa selected port, other selectable ports are sealed off and not fluidlyconnected to the master port. When a master port of a multiport valve isfluidly connected to a selectable port, fluid may flow in eitherdirection through the valve. That is, fluid may flow into the multiportvalve through the master port and out through the selected port, orfluid may flow in the opposite direction, flowing into the multiportvalve through the selected port and out through the master port. In someembodiments, the multiport valve may be a mechanical valve apparatus,and in other embodiments the multiport valve may be comprised ofmicrofluidic chip components.

Fluid pumps 103 and 105, multiport valves 107 and 109, and cell culturevessels 111, 113, and 115 are all fluidly interconnected by fluidchannels. In an embodiment, the fluid channels are comprised of flexibletubing. In other embodiments, some or all of the fluid channels may berigid tubing, or channels in a substrate. In the illustrated example inFIG. 1A, fluid pump 103 is fluidly connected to the master port ofmultiport valve 107 by flexible tubing. Multiport port 107 has severalselectable ports, 107 a-d. Selectable port 107 a is fluidly connected tocell culture vessel 111, selectable port 107 b is fluidly connected tocell culture vessel 113, and selectable port 107 c is fluidly connectedto cell culture vessel 115. Selectable port 107 d is fluidly connectedto container 119. Container 119 may be any kind of fluid container foreither supply fluid to the automated cell culture system or receivingfluid from the automated cell culture system. For example, container 119may be a waste container for receiving waste product from the automatedcell culture system. In another example, container 119 may contain freshcell culture media to supply cell culture vessels with fresh media.

Fluid pump 105, multiport valve 109, and container 117 are configuredsimilar to fluid pump 103, multiport valve 107, and container 119.Multiport port 109 has several selectable ports, 109 a-d. Selectableport 109 a is fluidly connected to cell culture vessel 111, selectableport 109 b is fluidly connected to cell culture vessel 113, andselectable port 109 c is fluidly connected to cell culture vessel 115.Selectable port 109 d is fluidly connected to container 117.

In operation, the combination of fluid pumps, multiport valves,containers, and cell culture vessels in the example illustrated in FIG.1A may be used to transfer liquids to and from the cell culture vesselsand the containers. In some embodiments, a first fluid pump 103 is usedfor adding media to cell culture vessels from container 119 and a secondfluid pump 105 is used for removing media from cell culture vessels tocontainer 117. In another embodiment, a single fluid pump is used forboth adding and removing from cell culture vessels and containers. Insome embodiments, the components of group 101 including cell culturevessels 111, 113, 115 and multiport valves 107 and 109 may be separablefrom fluid pumps 103 and 105 and containers 117 and 119. The fluidconnections between components in group 101 may be establishedindependently in a first stage of assembly, and then the additionalcomponents connected at a later stage. The components of group 101 maybe independently sterilized or processed in the first stage, and thenintroduced to the remainder of components in the second stage. The fluidconnections between components of group 101 and other components may bemade with aseptic connections so that contaminants are not introduced tothe sterilized components of group 101. Cell culture vessels 111, 113,115 may be connected to the valves 107 and 109 using tubing and asepticconnections, such that the vessels can be aseptically disconnected fromthe system when the cells in the vessels are to be removed for usage oranalysis.

FIG. 1B illustrates a schematic view of an automated cell culture systemaccording to an embodiment. Automated cell culture system 110 includesone bi-directional fluid pump 121. In this embodiment, cell culturevessels 111, 113, 115, multiport valves 107 and 109, and containers 117and 119 are the same as described in connection with FIG. 1A. In FIG.1B, fluid pump 121 is a two-port fluid pump such as a peristaltic pump.A first port 121 a of two-port fluid pump 121 is fluidly connected tothe master port of multiport valve 107, and a second port 121 b of fluidpump 121 is fluidly connected to the master port of multiport valve 109.The fluid pump 121 is capable of pumping fluid in two directions. In afirst mode of operation, fluid pump 121 pumps fluid from port 121 a toport 121 b, and in a second mode of operation fluid pump 121 pumps fluidfrom port 121 b to port 121 a.

FIG. 2 illustrates a top view of an automated cell culture systemaccording to an embodiment. Automated cell culture system 200 has twofluid pumps, two multiport valves, and 12 cell culture vessels. No fluidconnections are included in the illustrated example for clarity, howeverit is to be understood that at least some of the various components ofan automated cell culture system would be fluidly connected when in use.Removable tray 223 contains cell culture vessels 201-212 and multiportvalves 213 and 215. Each cell culture vessel is capped by an aseptic lidsuch as aseptic lid 237 which caps cell culture vessel 206. Each cellculture vessel is removably affixed to removable tray 223 by bracketssuch as brackets 217, 219, and 221 which hold cell culture vessel 206.Removable tray 223 is removably inserted into base housing 235, andguided in by way of guides 225 a-f. Base housing 235 contains twosyringe-style fluid pumps. A first fluid pump is comprised of syringe229 and syringe actuator 227. Syringe actuator 227 pushes and pulls onthe plunger of syringe 229, effecting fluid flow into and out of thesyringe. In an embodiment, syringe actuator is a linear actuator,however any other method of pushing and pulling a syringe plunger may beused. A second pump is comprised of syringe 233 and syringe actuator231.

FIG. 3A illustrates a top-down view of a base housing of an automatedcell culture system according to an embodiment. The illustrated examplebase housing 301 contains fluid pumps 305 and 307 and multiport valveactuators 309 and 311. Base housing 301 also includes a controller whichcontrols actuation of fluid pumps, multiport valves, and any othersystems such as automated cell counter systems, hemocytometers, imagingsystems, microscopes, or other measurement or analysis systems tofacilitate automated cell growth. The controller may include one or moreprocessors configured to execute instructions contained on one or morememory systems to control the automated cell culture system and othercorresponding systems. In addition, the controller may include one ormore network interfaces through which various notifications or datatransfers may be sent or received.

FIG. 3B illustrates a removable tray assembly of an automated cellculture system according to an embodiment. Removable tray assembly 303is configured to mate to base housing 301. When removable tray assembly303 is placed on top of base housing 301, multiport valve actuators 309and 311 mechanically couple with multiport valves 319 and 321,respectively. For example, in an embodiment, multiport valve actuator309 rotates an internal member of multiport valve 319 to align a masterport of multiport valve 319 with one of the selectable ports 319 a-d.Multiport valves 319 and 321 and cell culture vessels 313, 315, and 317are carried on removable tray 303. When base housing 301 and removabletray 303 are combined, fluid pumps 305 and 307 may be fluidly connectedto the master ports of multiport valves 319 and 321.

In some embodiments, base housing 301 may also include an agitatorconfigured to agitate the removable tray assembly 303 in relation to thebase housing. This agitator may agitate the tray in a rocking motion,vibrating motion, circular swirling motion, or other motions useful incell culturing. In some embodiments, individual cell culture vessels maybe independently agitated by independent agitators displaced between thecell culture vessel and the removable tray. Independent agitators may beused in applications where it would be disadvantageous to agitate allcell culture vessels of a tray when only a subset of cell culturevessels require agitation. In some embodiments, independent agitatorsmay be integrated into a bracket or brackets used to affix cell culturevessels to the removable tray. In some embodiments, agitators may haveactive components disposed within the base housing that mechanicallymate to passive components on the removable tray, similar to howmultiport valves on the removable tray may mechanically couple toactuators in the base housing.

In use, removable tray 303 may be configured with any number orconfiguration of multiport valves, cell culture vessels, and fluidtubing as required separate from base housing 301. The removable tray303 and its associated components may then be sealed and sterilizedbefore being introduced to base housing 301. In some embodiments, thecell culture vessels may be added to the tray 303 in a sterileenvironment after sterilization of the tray 303. The base housing 301may remain stationary, and any electromechanically components such asvalve actuators and pump mechanisms disposed within the base housingneed not be subject to transport or sterilization procedures as thecomponents of the base housing are not in fluid contact with the sterilesystem on the removable tray 303. If a syringe-style fluid pump is used,a sterile syringe may be placed in the syringe actuator for use, suchthat the syringe actuator is not in contact with any fluids in thesterile system. Similarly, a peristaltic pump may use a sterile portionof tubing such that the stationary components associated with the basehousing do not come in fluid contact with the sterile system.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example removable tray of an automated cellculture system being mated to an example base housing according to anembodiment. As illustrated in this example, automated cell culturesystem 400 includes removable tray 401 and base housing 403. Removabletray 401 contains multiport valves 405 and 407 and cell culture vessels409, 411, and 413. Removable tray 401 is lowered down onto base housing403 where multiport valve actuators 415 and 417 align with multiportvalves 405 and 407, respectively. Once removable tray 401 is lowereddown onto base housing 403, multiport valve actuators 415 and 417mechanically couple with multiport valves 405 and 407. After the twoparts are joined, fluid pumps 419 and 421 are fluidly connected, such asby a manual connection step, to multiport valves 405 and 407 on-boardthe removable tray.

FIG. 5 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an example multiport valveaccording to an embodiment. In this embodiment, a multiport valve 500comprises a valve body 503 having master port 507 on a top side and aplurality of selectable ports 505 and 509 dispersed around itscircumference. Two selectable ports are illustrated in thiscross-sectional view; however, it is to be understood that variousembodiments of multiport valves may include any number of selectableports.

Valve body 503 has a cylindrical cavity on its underside to whichrotatable cylindrical valve rotor 501 is inserted. Within rotatablecylindrical valve rotor 501 is a fluid channel 517 which fluidlyconnected an axial master port of rotatable cylindrical valve rotor 501to a radial master port of rotatable cylindrical valve rotor 501. Withinvalve body 503 is a fluid channel 513 which fluidly connects master port507 to fluid channel 517 of rotatable cylindrical valve rotor 501. Theconnection between fluid channel 513 and fluid channel 517 remainsconstant as rotatable cylindrical valve rotor 501 rotates because bothfluid channels are centered on the axis of rotation of rotatablecylindrical valve rotor 501 within the cylindrical cavity of valve body503.

In the state illustrated in FIG. 5, rotatable cylindrical valve rotor501 is rotated such that fluid channel 511 is aligned with fluid channel517. Thus, a fluid circuit is established from master port 507 toselectable port 505 through fluid channel 513, fluid channel 517, andfluid channel 511. In this illustrated state, fluid channel 515 and, inturn, selectable port 509, is sealed off by the presence of a solidportion of rotatable cylindrical valve rotor 501. In operation,rotatable cylindrical valve rotor 501 may rotate to establish a fluidpathway from master port 507 to selectable port 509 while sealing offselectable port 505 and fluid channel 511.

Multiport valve 500 may be made of any appropriate material, and valvebody 503 and valve rotor 501 may be made of the same or differentmaterials. Examples of materials that may be used include plastics,TFE-based materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE, metals,rubbers, or similar materials. In some embodiments, the valve body 503and valve rotor 501 may be machined to fit with very close tolerances sothat a fluid-tight seal is created between the two components. In someembodiments, additional gaskets, bearings, seals, and/or flanges may beincorporated into multiport valve 500 to provide for a fluid-tightconnection between valve body 503 and valve rotor 501.

FIG. 6A illustrates an example an example multiport valve according toan embodiment. In this example, multiport valve 600 has an axial port601 and eight selectable ports, of which four (ports 603, 605, 607, and609) are viewable in the perspective view of FIG. 6A. FIG. 6Billustrates a bottom view of multiport valve 600 showing a mechanicalcoupler 611 which is configured to mechanically couple to a multiportvalve actuator. A corresponding multiport valve actuator has a cavityshaped to accept mechanical coupler 611 and transfer rotationalmechanical energy to the multiport valve 600.

FIG. 7 illustrates an aseptic cell culture vessel lid according to anembodiment. In this example embodiment, cell culture vessel lid 703 isaffixed to cell culture vessel 701. In this example embodiment, cellculture vessel lid 703 has three ports 705, 707, and 709. In thisexample, the three ports are vertically aligned. If the cell culturevessel 701 is filled with liquid such as cell growth media, tubingentered via the lowest port 709 may be submerged in the liquid such thatthe liquid may be siphoned out via port 709 using the tubing. Tubingentering via the middle port, port 707, may be placed so that the tubingis not in liquid contact with the contents of the cell culture vessel,so that additional liquid may be added to the cell growth vessel withoutcontaminating the fluid path to port 707. Port 705 may be configured toallow gas exchange in and out of the cell growth vessel 701. In someembodiments, port 705 includes a filter for filtering gas on the wayinto the flask to sterilize the gas. In some applications, the automatedcell culture system may be placed in an incubation chamber to regulatethe environment in proximity to the cell culture vessel. The incubationchamber may be integrated with the automated cell culture system basehousing in some embodiments. In one embodiment, characteristics of theenvironment to be regulated include gas mix, temperature, and humiditylevels. In one embodiment, the incubation chamber modulates gas mix,temperature and humidity levels depending on the cell line to be grown.In some embodiments, port 705 may be attached to an environmentalregulation device that manages the temperature, humidity, oxygenation,gas mix, and other such parameters of the gaseous environment within thecell culture vessel. Aseptic lids may be created to fit any cell culturevessel, such that any culture vessel used for manual cell culture can beintegrated with the system.

FIG. 8 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a cell culture vessel lidaccording to an embodiment. Cell culture vessel lid 803 is screwed ontothe mouth of cell culture vessel 801 such that the threads of cellculture vessel lid 803 engage with the threads of the mouth of cellculture vessel 801. In this example embodiment, cell culture lid 803 hasa liquid port 807 and a gas port 811. A liquid channel 809 is threadedlyengaged with liquid port 807. A gas filter 805 is threadedly engagedwith gas port 811. Gas filter 805 may allow gas exchange in and out ofthe cell culture vessel while blocking any microbes or pathogens fromentering the cell culture vessel from the outside. In an embodiment, gasfilter 805 is a 0.22 micron filter.

FIG. 9 illustrates the steps of a method for transferring liquid from afirst vessel to a second vessel using an automated cell culture systemwith a single-port pump according to an embodiment. In this example, anautomated cell culture system has a single-port pump such as asyringe-type pump as discussed above, or a two-port pump with a holdingvessel attached to one port. This method may be used to transfer liquidfrom any vessel to another vessel. For example, the first vessel may bea cell culture vessel, and the second vessel may be a waste container.In another example, the first vessel may be a container of fresh cellgrowth media and the second container may be a cell culture vessel.

In FIG. 9, at step 901, a multiport valve with a master port eitherconnected to a single-port pump or connected to a two-port pump with aholding vessel, is configured to select a selectable port in fluidcommunication with a first vessel. At step 902, the single-port pump isactuated so that fluid is drawn out of the first vessel and into thereservoir of the single-port pump, or similarly the two-port pump isactuated so that fluid is drawn into the holding vessel. Next, at step903, the multiport valve is configured to select a selectable port influid communication with a second vessel. Then, at step 904, the fluidis pumped out of the reservoir of the single-port pump, or similarlypumped out of the holding vessel by the two-port pump, through theconfigured multiport valve, and into the second vessel.

Some embodiments of an automated cell culture system may use two-portpumps with a multiport valve fluidly connected to each port. A two-portpump may be unidirectional or bidirectional. The two-port pump does notneed to transfer liquid into a holding reservoir like a single-port pumpbut may pump directly from one vessel to another. FIG. 10 illustratesthe steps of a method for transferring liquid from a first vessel to asecond vessel using an automated cell culture system with a two-portpump according to an embodiment. In this example, a first port of thetwo-port pump is fluidly connected to the master port of a firstmultiport valve, and the second port of the two-port pump is fluidlyconnected to the master port of a second multiport valve. At step 1001,the first multiport valve is configured to select a selectable port influid communication with a first vessel. At step 1002, the secondmultiport valve is configured to select a selectable port in fluidcommunication with a second vessel. Finally, at step 1003, the two-portpump as actuated to pump in the direction of the first port to thesecond port, such that liquid from the first vessel is pumped into thesecond vessel.

For any embodiments disclosed herein, a simple reference to pumping froma first vessel to a second vessel may refer in the alternative to theappropriate method depending on whether an automated cell culturingsystem is configured with a one-port pump or a two-port pump. Someembodiments of an automated cell culture system may also combinetwo-port and single port pumps in one system, such that one step ofpumping may use one type of pump and another step of pumping may use adifferent type of pump.

In some embodiments, media from different sources may be fed to thecells, depending on an observed condition of the cells, for example ifsigns of differentiation are observed for stem cells. In an embodiment,a first step of a method is observing a condition of the cells, such assigns of differentiation in stem cells. The first step may be performedby a microscope, camera, or other measurement device. A second step ofthe method is selecting an appropriate source of media based on thecondition of the cells. A third step of the method is actuating theone-port pump or two-port pump system to transfer media from theselected source of media to a vessel containing the cells.

In some embodiments, an automated cell culture system includes amicroscope that may be moved to image the contents of any cell culturevessel of the automated cell culture system. In some examples, themicroscope may be mounted on a mechanical system that is capable ofmoving the microscope to the cell culture vessels such as a2-dimensional or 3-dimensional gantry mechanism or a hinged robotic armmechanism. In some embodiments, the microscope may remain stationarywhile the automated cell culture system is moved to position individualcell culture vessels in view of the stationary microscope. In someembodiments, the microscope and moving assembly may be contained withinthe base housing of an automated cell culture system, such that the cellculture vessels may be imaged from their bottom side. In suchembodiments, the removable tray holding the cell culture vessels mayhave transparent windows or cutouts underneath the cell culture vesselsto allow a microscope to image the cells contained therein. In someembodiments, an adjustable and controllable light source is placed onthe opposite side of the cell culture vessel as the microscope toprovide a light source for the microscope. For example, a light sourcemay be mounted on mechanical system that is capable of moving the lightsource to any cell culture vessel as necessary, similar to themicroscope. In some embodiments, a stationary light source may be placedon one side of the automated cell culture system such that each cellculture vessel is sufficiently illuminated.

The automated cell culture system may include other imaging devices aswell. For example, the automated cell culture system may include one ormore cameras or pairs of LEDs and light sensors to image the contents ofcell culture vessels. This type of imager may be useful to measure andmonitor macro-level visual properties of the cell culture vessels. Forexample, a color camera, or pairs of LEDs and light sensors, may beuseful for monitoring the color of the contents of a cell culture vesselcontaining a color-based pH indicator such as phenol red from which thepH of the contents of the cell culture vessel may be determined. In anembodiment, each cell culture vessel bracket may include a camera toimage the contents of a cell culture vessel. In another embodiment, asingle camera may be mechanically movable to each cell culture vessel,in the same or a similar way as a microscope may be moved, to image eachcell culture vessel. In an embodiment, an LED and light sensor may bemechanically movable to each cell culture vessel, in the same or asimilar way as a microscope may be moved, to monitor the color of a cellculture vessel.

In some example implementations, one or more off-tray devices may beinterfaced with the automated cell culture system. For example, anautomated cell counter machine may be fluidly connected to a selectableport of a multiport valve such that samples of the contents of cellculture vessels may be transported to the automated cell countermachine. In some embodiments, the automated cell counter machine may becontrolled by the controller such that the entire process of countingcells with the automated cell counter machine is automated by theautomated cell culture system. By way of further example, a cellcounting chamber may be fluidly connected to a selectable port of amultiport valve such that samples of the contents of cell culturevessels may be transported to the cell counting chamber. A microscopemay image the cell counting chamber to count the cells in the cellcounting chamber. By way of further example, an external chamber may befluidly connected to a selectable port of a multiport valve such thatsamples of the contents of cell culture vessels may be transported tothe external chamber. An LED and light sensor may be used to measure thecloudiness of solution in the external chamber. By way of furtherexample, in order to take a sample of cells, a sampling vessel may beaseptically connected to a port on a multiport valve such that samplesof the contents of cell culture vessels may be transported to thevessel, and then the vessel can be aseptically disconnected and thecells taken away.

Various support methods or procedures may be necessary for someoperations of an automated cell culture system. For example, a fluidline or pump may need to be primed prior to pumping a liquid through theline. As an example, the fluid line from a bottle of new growth media toa multiport valve may need to be primed prior to pumping new growthmedia to cell culture vessels. To do this, a small amount of new growthmedia may be pumped from the new growth media bottle to a waste bottleto ensure that the line is free of air pockets.

Similarly, a line, pump, or valve may need to be cleaned or flushedperiodically to remove contaminants. This may be accomplished by pumpinga wash fluid through the line, pump, or valve for a period of time oruntil the line, pump, or valve is sufficiently flushed.

FIG. 11 illustrates the steps of a method for adherent cell linemaintenance. At step 1101, the spent cell culture growth media in avessel is pumped out of the vessel and into a waste container. At step1102, a determined amount of new cell culture growth media is pumpedinto the vessel.

FIG. 12 illustrates the steps of a method for adherent cell linemaintenance or expansion with passaging to a new cell culture vessel. Incontrast to the method discussed in connection with FIG. 11, here theadherent cells of a cell culture vessel are transferred to a new vessel.At step 1201, the cell culture growth media in a vessel is pumped out ofthe vessel and into a waste container. Then, at step 1202, a washsolution is pumped into the vessel and at step 1203 the vessel mayoptionally be agitated. Next, the wash solution is pumped out of thevessel and into a waste container in step 1204.

At step 1205, a dissociation reagent is pumped into the vessel. Anexample of a dissociation reagent is trypsin. The dissociation reagentis used to resuspend cells adherent to the cell culture vessel walls.Depending on the cells being cultured and the dissociation reagent used,the cell culture vessel may be gently agitated to assist in separatingthe adherent cells from the cell culture vessel walls. The automatedcell culture system then waits a configurable amount of time at step1206 depending on the cells being cultured and the dissociation reagentused. In an alternative embodiment, the automated cell culture systemdynamically monitors the dissociation of the cells from the vessel witha microscope to determine when the amount of dissociation reaches athreshold value. The vessel may optionally be agitated during thewaiting in step 1206. At step 1207, optionally, the cells are imaged toobserve the detachment of the adherent cells. If the cells are notsufficiently detached, the automated cell culture system may wait anadditional amount of time. Once the adherent cells are sufficientlydetached from the walls of the cell culture vessel, a dissociationreagent inhibitor or neutralizer may be pumped into the cell culturevessel to stop the dissociation reagent action. At step 1208, thecontents of the cell culture vessel may optionally be removed from theautomated cell culture system and spun inside a centrifuge to separatethe cells from the liquid contents of the cell culture vessel, and thenresuspended. The cells may be counted at step 1209 to determine thetotal number of cells or cell density and the percent viability. At step1210, a portion of the cells are transferred to a new cell culturevessel. Then, at step 1211, a determined amount of new growth media ispumped into the new vessel. If the automated cell culture system isconfigured to only maintain the cell line, the original cell culturevessel may be detached from the system and discarded, such that only thenew vessel remains in the system growing cells. If the automated cellculture system is configured for expansion of the cell line, theoriginal vessel may be retained, and a proportional amount of new growthmedia added to it such that both the original and the new cell culturevessel remain in the system growing cells. While described in thecontext of using a single new vessel, it is to be understood that thisprocess may be expanded to any number of vessels such that a singleoriginal vessel may be split between any number of new vessels.

FIG. 13 illustrates the steps of a method for suspension cell linemaintenance with optional passaging. At step 1301, a cell culture vesselmay be agitated gently to evenly distribute the cells within the growthmedia in the vessel. Next, at step 1302, the cells within the vessel arecounted and at step 1303 an optimal amount of new growth media isdetermined based on the cell count or the cell density. At step 1304, afinal liquid volume of the cell culture vessel after adding thedetermined amount of new growth media is determined. Every time aprocedure adds liquid to a cell culture vessel, the amount of liquidadded is recorded and tallied by a controller. In this way, thecontroller maintains a current value for the amount of liquid in eachcell culture vessel. At step 1305, the estimated final fluid volume ofthe cell culture vessel is compared against a configured maximum volumefor the particular cell culture vessel being used. For example, thetotal volume of a vessel cannot exceed the total capacity of the vessel.In some embodiments, the threshold maximum volume may be significantlylower than the total volume of the vessel. If the estimated final fluidvolume is lower than the configured threshold, at step 1306 thedetermined amount of new media is added to the vessel. If the estimatedfinal fluid volume is greater than the configured threshold, theautomated cell culture system may divide the contents of the cellculture vessel into two or more cell culture vessels to accommodate theestimated final fluid volume. In this example method, the contents ofthe cell culture vessel, referred to now as the first cell culturevessel, will be split between the first cell culture vessel and anadditional second cell culture vessel. At step 1307, a portion of thecontents of the first cell culture vessel may be transferred to thesecond cell culture vessel. The proportion of the contents of the firstand second cell culture vessels is recorded by a controller. Then, atstep 1308, a proportional amount of new cell culture growth media isadded to each of the first and second cell culture vessels in proportionto the amount of the final liquid volume each contains. For example, ifthe fluid contents of the first cell culture vessel are evenly dividedbetween the first cell culture vessel and the second cell culturevessel, new media will be similarly equally divided between the firstand second cell culture vessels.

FIG. 14 illustrates the steps of a method for suspension cell lineexpansion. The method for suspension cell line expansion mirrors that ofsuspension cell line maintenance, however at step 1407, the contents ofthe vessel may be transferred to new cell culture vessels even if thetotal volume remains below the total volume threshold for the cellculture vessel. That is, cells may be transferred to new cell culturevessels when appropriate for encouraging growth of cells rather thanonly in response to running out of volume in the cell culture vessels.

FIG. 15 illustrates an example machine of a computer system within whicha set of instructions, for causing the machine to perform any one ormore of the methodologies discussed herein, may be executed. Inalternative implementations, the machine may be connected (e.g.,networked) to other machines in a LAN, an intranet, an extranet, and/orthe Internet. The machine may operate in the capacity of a server or aclient machine in client-server network environment, as a peer machinein a peer-to-peer (or distributed) network environment, or as a serveror a client machine in a cloud computing infrastructure or environment.

The machine may be a personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a set-top box(STB), a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a cellular telephone, a webappliance, a server, a network router, a switch or bridge, or anymachine capable of executing a set of instructions (sequential orotherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine. Further,while a single machine is illustrated, the term “machine” shall also betaken to include any collection of machines that individually or jointlyexecute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one ormore of the methodologies discussed herein.

The example computer system 1500 includes a processing device 1502, amain memory 1504 (e.g., read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, dynamicrandom access memory (DRAM) such as synchronous DRAM (SDRAM) or RambusDRAM (RDRAM), etc.), a static memory 1506 (e.g., flash memory, staticrandom access memory (SRAM), etc.), and a data storage device 1518,which communicate with each other via a bus 1530.

Processing device 1502 represents one or more general-purpose processingdevices such as a microprocessor, a central processing unit, or thelike. More particularly, the processing device may be complexinstruction set computing (CISC) microprocessor, reduced instruction setcomputing (RISC) microprocessor, very long instruction word (VLIW)microprocessor, or processor implementing other instruction sets, orprocessors implementing a combination of instruction sets. Processingdevice 1502 may also be one or more special-purpose processing devicessuch as an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a fieldprogrammable gate array (FPGA), a digital signal processor (DSP),network processor, or the like. The processing device 1502 is configuredto execute instructions 1526 for performing the operations and stepsdiscussed herein.

The computer system 1500 may further include a network interface device1508 to communicate over the network 1520. The computer system 1500 alsomay include a video display unit 1510 (e.g., a liquid crystal display(LCD) or a cathode ray tube (CRT)), an alphanumeric input device 1512(e.g., a keyboard), a cursor control device 1515 (e.g., a mouse), agraphics processing unit 1522, a signal generation device 1516 (e.g., aspeaker), graphics processing unit 1522, video processing unit 1528, andaudio processing unit 1532.

The data storage device 1518 may include a machine-readable storagemedium 1524 (also known as a computer-readable medium) on which isstored one or more sets of instructions or software 1526 embodying anyone or more of the methodologies or functions described herein. Theinstructions 1526 may also reside, completely or at least partially,within the main memory 1504 and/or within the processing device 1502during execution thereof by the computer system 1500, the main memory1504 and the processing device 1502 also constituting machine-readablestorage media.

In one implementation, the instructions 1526 include instructions toimplement functionality corresponding to the components of a device toperform the disclosure herein. While the machine-readable storage medium1524 is shown in an example implementation to be a single medium, theterm “machine-readable storage medium” should be taken to include asingle medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributeddatabase, and/or associated caches and servers) that store the one ormore sets of instructions. The term “machine-readable storage medium”shall also be taken to include any medium that is capable of storing orencoding a set of instructions for execution by the machine and thatcause the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies of thepresent disclosure. The term “machine-readable storage medium” shallaccordingly be taken to include, but not be limited to, solid-statememories, optical media and magnetic media.

FIGS. 16A-16C illustrate a schematic view of an automated cell culturesystem according to another embodiment. This example automated cellculture system 1600 includes a consumable or disposable cell culturetray assembly 1601 (also referred to herein as “tray assembly,” see FIG.16A) and a reusable base unit 1620 (see FIG. 16B). The disposable trayassembly 1601 includes various components described below, some of whichare preassembled on (or with) the tray assembly 1601 and enclosed withina protective overwrap to maintain the components in a sterile state.Some of the components of the tray assembly 1601 can be added to thetray assembly 1601 within an aseptic environment (e.g., a laminar flowhood) prior to using the tray assembly 1601 in a cell culturingprocedure. When the tray assembly 1601 has been assembled and is readyfor use, the tray assembly 1601 can be coupled to the base unit 1620 asdescribed in more detail herein.

As shown in FIG. 16A, the tray assembly 1601, includes a tray 1602 thatcan be removably coupled to the base unit 1620 as described herein. Insome embodiments, the tray 1602 can include one or more transparent orcut-out portions such that objects disposed on a top surface of the tray1602 can be viewed from below the tray 1602. For example, as describedin more detail below, the cell culture system 1600 can optionallyinclude an imaging device and/or other sensors that are disposed in thebase unit 1620 and below the tray 1602 when the tray assembly 1601 iscoupled to the base unit 1620. The transparent portion(s) or cut-out(s)can allow for images and/or other data to be obtained through thetransparent portion or cut-out, such as the contents of a cell culturecontainer coupled to the tray 1602, as described in more detail below.In some embodiments, the tray assembly 1601 can include a cell countingchip 1617 shown in FIG. 16A. The cell counting chip 1617 can alsoinclude a bottom transparent portion and can be used to obtaininformation about the contents of a cell culture container as describedbelow. In some embodiments, the cell counting chip 1617 may be coupledto or mounted within the base unit 1620 instead of being preassembled onthe tray assembly 1601.

The tray assembly 1601 also includes one or more couplers 1603 that canbe used to hold cell culture vessels or containers. The tray 1602 canoptionally include holders 1604 that can be used to removably couple areagent container 1605 and a waste container 1606 to the tray 1602(e.g., to secure the containers during shipping, initial setup, or thelike). Although two couplers 1603 are shown, in other embodiments, therecould be only one or more than two couplers 1603. For example, in someembodiments a tray assembly can be configured to support only one cellculture container and thus includes only a single coupler 1603 thatmaintains the cell culture container in a fixed position on the tray.Similarly, although only one waste container 1606 and one reagentcontainer 1605 are shown, in alternative embodiments, there can bemultiple waste and reagent containers. Moreover, although FIG. 16A showsthe waste container 1606 and the reagent container 1605 as being part ofthe tray assembly 1601, in other embodiments, the waste container 1606and/or the reagent container 1605 can be separate components within theautomated cell culture system 1600 that are not coupled to the tray 1602during use. For example, in some embodiments, the reagent container 1605can be used to contain cell culture media and can be placed in arefrigerated portion (not shown) of the automated cell culture system1600 or another refrigeration location. The couplers 1603 and holders1604 can be separate components attached to the tray 1602 or can be acomponent integrally or monolithically formed with the tray 1602. Forexample, in some embodiments, the couplers 1603 and/or the holders caninclude a deformable bracket, a movable pin, or any other suitablestructure to couple the containers to the tray 1602. In someembodiments, the tray assembly 1602 can optionally include handles 1614that can be used by a user to move and carry the tray assembly 1602. Thehandles 1614 can be separate components from the tray 1602 or formedintegrally or monolithically with the tray 1602. In some embodiments,the tray assembly 1601 may not include holders 1604. In someembodiments, although not shown, the tray assembly 1601 can bepreassembled with one or more cell culture containers.

The tray assembly 1601 also includes a multiport valve 1607 and one ormore container lids 1608 (FIG. 16A shows two container lids 1608). Thecontainer lids 1608 can be coupled to the tray 1602 with disposablepackaging mounts (not shown in FIGS. 16A-16C). The lids 1608 are eachconfigured to be coupled to different cell culture container asdescribed below. In this example embodiment, there are two lids 1608,but it should be understood that a different number of lids 1608 can beprovided to accommodate a different number of cell culture containers.Each of the lids 1608 can include a liquid exchange port (also referredto herein as “fluid port”) and a gas exchange port (each not shown inFIGS. 16A-16C). As shown, each of the fluid ports is coupled to a selectport of the multiport valve 1607 with tubing (See tubing A, B, C and Din FIG. 16A). The gas exchange ports can allow gas transfer out of thecell culture container to which it is coupled. For example, in someembodiments, the lids 1608 can be similar to the cell culture vessel lid803 or the lid 2408 shown and described herein. For example, the lids1608 can include a gas filter that prevents microbes and/or contaminantsfrom entering the cell culture container, thereby allow cell culturingand fluid transfer via lids 1608 while maintaining a closed (and/orsterile) system with other containers within the system (e.g., thereagent container 1605, the waste container 1606 or other containers).In some embodiments, the tray assembly can optionally include lids 1609and 1610 that are coupled to the reagent container 1603 and the wastecontainer 1606, respectively. The lid 1609 and/or the lid 1610 can besimilar in structure and function as the lid 1608 and/or the cellculture vessel lid 803.

The multiport valve 1607 can include the same or similar components andfunctions in the same or similar manner as the multiport valvesdescribed above for previous embodiments (e.g., the multiport valve 600or the multiport valve 2407 described herein). The multiport valve 1607can include a master port configured to be coupled to a fluid pump 1613of the base unit (described below and shown in FIGS. 16B and 16C), andmultiple selectable ports that can be fluidically coupled to liquidexchange ports of the lids 1608, 1609, 1610 and/or other components ofthe cell culture assembly 1600 as described herein. For example, oneport of the selectable ports can be aseptically and/or fluidicallycoupled to a first liquid exchange port of a first lid 1608, and asecond selectable port can be aseptically and/or fluidically coupled toa second liquid exchange port of a second lid 1608. In some embodiments,a third port of the multiport valve 1607 can be coupled to the liquidexchange port of the reagent container 1605, a fourth port can becoupled to the liquid exchange port of the waste container 1606 and afifth port can be coupled to a liquid exchange port of a cell harvestcontainer (not shown in FIGS. 16A-16C). The multiport valve 1607 can becoupled to various other components, such as, for example, a cellcounting chip, cell harvest container(s), various reagent and enzymecontainers, etc. An example system schematic illustrating some examplecouplings of a multiport valve is provided in FIG. 59. In this manner,when actuated the multiport valve 1607 can facilitate fluid exchangebetween various containers within the automated cell culture system1600. For example, as described herein, the multiport valve 1607 can beactuated to facilitate the addition of cell culturing media or reagentsto the cell culture containers, the removal of cells from the cellculture containers (e.g., cell passaging or cell harvesting), or anyother fluid movement associated with cell culturing.

The multiport valve 1607 can be preassembled and coupled to the lids1608, 1609, 1610 on the tray assembly 1601 and enclosed within theprotective overwrap 1615. This arrangement allows the end user toreceive the prepackaged tray assembly 1601 within the protectiveoverwrap. In some embodiments, tray assembly 1601 can be sterilizedprior to being placed in the protective overwrap. As described herein,the user can then load the desired cells, reagents, cell culture media,or the like into the containers and can couple the pre-connected lids tothe containers within an aseptic environment. The tray assembly 1601 canthen be coupled to the base unit and moved into an incubationenvironment where fluid exchange can be performed to ensure the desiredcell culturing, as described herein.

The multiport valve 1607 is configured to engage a valve actuator 1621of the base unit 1620. The multiport valve 1607 can include a mountingportion 1616 configured to matingly couple to a valve connector 1622 ofthe base unit 1620 in some embodiments. For example, the mountingportion 1616 can have a shape such that it can be coupled to the valveconnector 1622 in a puzzle-like manner. Examples of such a mountingportion and valve connector are described below with reference toparticular embodiments. As shown in FIGS. 16B and 16C, when themultiport valve 1607 is engaged to the valve actuator 1621 of the baseunit 1620, the valve actuator 1621 can actuate the multiport valve 1607to move to a selected port to allow for selective fluid transfer to andfrom the various containers of the tray assembly 1601 and cell culturecontainers (described below). In some embodiments, the multiport valve1607 can be coupled to the valve actuator 1621 while remaining coupledto the tray 1602. For example, a valve connector (not shown) coupled tothe valve actuator 1621 can be disposed on the base unit 1620 belowwhere the tray assembly 1602 is removably coupled to the base unit 1620(e.g., similar to the base unit 301 or the base unit 2120 describedherein). In some embodiments, the multiport valve 1607 can be removedfrom the tray 1602 (while remaining coupled to the lids, therebypreserving the closed system) and attached to the mating valve connector1622 of the base unit 1620 as shown, for example, in FIGS. 16B and 16C.FIG. 16B shows the connector 1622 without the multiport valve 1607coupled thereto, and FIG. 16C shows the multiport valve 1607 coupledthereto. In other words, the multiport valve 1607 can be detached from amating mounting pocket 1618 (see FIG. 16C) of the tray 1602 and attachedto the valve connector 1622 of the base unit 1620. As described above,the mounting portion 1616 of the valve 1607 is shaped to matingly engagethe mounting pocket 1618 and to matingly engage the valve connector 1622of the base unit 1620 to ensure proper positioning and alignment withinboth the tray assembly 1601 and the base unit 1620. This relocation ofthe multiport valve 1607 can be done with the lids 1608, 1609, 1610remaining aseptically coupled to the multiport valve 1607. Removing thevalve 1607 from the tray 1602 allows the interface between the valve1607 and the valve actuator 1621 to be stationary, which is well-suitedfor those embodiments that include an agitator to move the tray 1602relative to the base unit 1620. Similarly stated, by coupling the valve1607 directly to the base unit 1620, the interface between the valve1607 and the valve actuator 1621 is not disrupted by the relativemovement between the tray 1601 and the base unit 1620.

Also shown in FIG. 16A is an optional pump holder 1611, that can be usedto hold a port connector 1612 that is fluidically coupled to the masterport of the multiport valve 1607. This port is used to connect the fluidpump 1613 to the tray fluidics 1602 during preparation of the trayassembly 1601 for a cell culturing procedure. The fluid pump 1613 can beused produce fluid movement in the cell culture system 1600 as describedherein. The fluid pump 1613 can be any suitable pump that producespressure and/or flow within the cell culture system 1600. For example,the fluid pump 1613 can be a syringe that includes a piston rod and asyringe body. The syringe is only one example of a type of fluid pumpthat can be used in the cell culture system 1600. Various other positivedisplacement fluid pumps can be used, such as, for example, aperistaltic pump. In some embodiments, the pump can be a single-portpump, whereas in other embodiments, the pump can be a two-port pump, asdescribed herein. When a syringe is used as the pump 1613, it can beattached to the multiport valve 1607 and to the optional syringe holder1611 in an aseptic environment prior to a cell culturing procedure.

The base unit 1620 (see FIGS. 16B and 16C) includes a housing 1623 thatsupports various components of the base unit 1620 and can define (orinclude) a receiving portion 1624 to receive and removably couple thetray assembly 1601 thereto. In some embodiments, the receiving portion1624 can include an opening in which the tray assembly 1601 can beplaced and supported by a tray support (not shown). In some embodiments,the tray assembly 1601 is supported by a support portion of the baseunit 1620 such that the tray assembly 1601 is elevated above a topsurface of the base unit 1620. In some embodiments, the tray assembly1601 is supported at least in part by engagement with an agitator(described below) of the base unit 1620. In some embodiments, the trayassembly 1601 can be removably coupled to a separate support member thatis couplable to the housing 1623 of the base unit 1620. The base unit1620 can also include one or more transparent portions or open portionscorresponding to transparent portions of the tray 1602 such that imagesand/or other sensor data associated with the contents of the cellculture containers can be obtained.

The base unit 1620 includes the valve connector 1622 and valve actuator1621 described above and also includes a fluid pump portion 1627 and apump actuator 1626. The pump actuator 1626 can be disposed, for example,at least partially within an opening 1625 defined by the housing 1623.As described above, in some embodiments, the fluid pump 1613 can be asyringe or other type of positive displacement fluid pump that isfluidically coupled to the multiport valve 1607 and then coupled to thefluid pump portion 1627 of the base unit 1620. In some embodiments, inwhich a syringe is the fluid pump 1613, the fluid pump portion 1627 caninclude a holder (not shown in FIGS. 16A-16C) that can be used to holdand support the syringe 1613 on the housing 1623. The holder can be aseparate component or a component formed integrally or monolithicallywith the housing 1623. The fluid pump 1613 can be fluidically coupled tothe master port of the multiport valve 1607. In this example embodiment,as shown in FIG. 16C (showing the tray assembly 1601 coupled to the baseunit 1620), the multiport valve 1607 is shown detached from the trayassembly 1601 and coupled to the valve connector 1622 and the fluid pump1613 is coupled to the master port with tubing E. The fluid pump 1613can include a movable member within a pump body (not shown in FIGS. 16Band 16C). During operation of the system 1600, the movable member of thefluid pump 1613 (e.g., plunger, rotor) can be actuated to cause asuction force to bring fluid into the pump body and can actuate themovable member to push fluid out of the pump body as described above forprevious embodiments.

In some embodiments, the base unit 1620 can also include an agitator1628. The agitator 1628 can include, for example, an orbital shaker thatmoves the tray 1602 in a circular or half-circular motion. The agitator1628 can be configured to agitate the removable tray assembly 1601 inrelation to the housing 1623 as described above for previousembodiments. The agitator 1628 may agitate the tray 1602 in a rockingmotion, vibrating motion, circular swirling motion, or other motionsuseful in cell culturing. In some embodiments, individual cell culturevessels/containers may be independently agitated by independentagitators displaced between the cell culture vessel and the removabletray assembly 1601 as previously described. In some embodiments, anagitator may not be included.

In some embodiments, the base unit 1620 can also optionally include oneor sensors 1629 (only one shown in FIGS. 16B and 16C) and an electroniccontrol system 1630 to control the operation of any of the components ofthe cell culture system 1600 (e.g., the valve actuator 1621, the pumpactuator 1626). The electronic control system 1630 can optionally beincorporated within, coupled to, or provided by a remote computingsystem, such as, for example, within a cloud computing environment. Insome embodiments, the sensor(s) 1629 can be mounted to a device to allowfor the sensor(s) to be movable relative to the housing 1623 of the baseunit 1620. An example of such an embodiment is described below withreference to FIGS. 32-34. The sensors 1629 can include, for example, oneor more imaging devices, a microscope, a color monitor or any other typeof sensor as described herein. The sensor(s) can be used to captureimages or other types of output that can be used to determine obtaininformation about the contents within a cell culture container (e.g.,1647, 1648), such as, for example, the density of the contents todetermine a quantity of cells within the container (for example, forsuspension cells) during a cell culturing procedure, or a percentageconfluence (i.e., percentage of coverage of the container area withcells) in the case of, for example, adherent cells. In some embodiments,the sensor(s) 1629 can be used to capture images and/or other types ofoutput of a sample portion of the contents of a cell culture containervia the cell counting chip 1617. For example, a sample of the fluidmixture within a cell culture container can be extracted into the cellcounting chip 1617, and a sensor 1629 can be moved to a position inalignment with the cell counting chip 1617 and used to image orotherwise collect information associated with the sample fluid mixtureon the cell counting chip 1617. In some embodiments, the sensor(s) 1629can be operatively coupled to or incorporated within the electroniccontrol system 1630.

As described above, in some embodiments, a light or light source 1682(see FIGS. 16B and 16C) can also be provided that can be used incombination with, for example, an imaging device. In some embodimentsthe light can be movable with respect to the housing of the base unit1620. For example, a light source can be mounted above the tray assembly1601 of the system on a movable multi-axis gantry, which allows it to becontrolled to move to the same position as the microscope within thebase unit. In some embodiments, the light source can be operativelycoupled to the same gantry as the imaging device such that the imagingdevice and light source can be moved together. In some embodiments, thesystem 1600 may include one or more cameras or pairs of LEDs and lightsensors to image the contents of cell culture containers.

In some embodiments, the sensor(s) 1629 can include a valve positionsensor configured to produce a valve position signal associated with arotation position of the valve actuator. In this manner the valveposition sensor can detect which of the selectable ports is fluidicallycoupled to the master port (e.g., the fluid pump 1613). In someembodiments, the sensor(s) 1629 can include a pump position sensorconfigured to produce a pump position signal associated with themovement of the pump. In this manner, the pump position sensor canindicate the travel of the pump and/or the volume of the fluid moved bythe pump. As described herein, the electronic control system 1630 candetermine, based on the pump position signal, an estimated amount offluid within (or being added to) one of the cell culture containers.

FIG. 17 is a schematic illustration of the electronic control system1630 that can be used to control operation of the cell culture system.The components and architecture of the electronic control system 1630are provided as an example, and in some embodiments, the electroniccontrol system 1630 (or any of the electronic control systems describedherein) can include different components than those shown in FIG. 17.Moreover, in some embodiments, a base unit and/or a cell culturingassembly need not include the electronic control system as described inFIG. 17. For example, in some embodiments, the base unit 1620 (or any ofthe base units described herein can include the computer system 1500described herein). In other embodiments, the base unit 1620 need notinclude an electronic control system.

As shown in FIG. 17, the electronic control system 1630 includes one ormore processor 1631, one or more memory component 1632, a radio 1633 andvarious modules, such as an actuation module 1634, an agitation module1635, a fluid flow module 1636, a valve module 1637, a pump module 1638,a measurement module 1641 (also referred to as a cell sensor module)and/or a network module 1640. Although FIG. 17 illustrates theelectronic control system 1630 being within the base unit 1620, asdescribed above, the electronic control system 1630 or portions thereofcan be provided outside of the base unit 1620 (e.g., within a cloudcomputing environment). The electronic control system 1630 canautomatically control the fluid flow into and out of the variouscontainers through actuation of, for example, the pump actuator 1626 andthe valve actuator 1621. The electronic control system 1630 can alsoautomatically control the actuation of the agitator 1628, the sensor(s)1629, and the valve actuator 1621. Operation and actuation of the fluidpump 1613, valve actuator 1621, selection of ports on the multiportvalve 1607, etc. can be the same as or similar to operation of thesecomponents as described above for previous embodiments. As describedabove for previous embodiments, in operation, the combination of fluidpumps, valves of the multiport valve, containers, and cell culturevessels may be used to transfer liquids to and from the cell culturevessels and the containers.

During preparation for a cell culturing procedure, the tray assembly1601 can be placed in an aseptic environment (e.g., a laminar flow hood)and the overwrap 1615 can be removed. While in the aseptic environment(e.g., the flow hood), cell culture vessels or containers 1617, 1618 canbe prepared (e.g., cells and reagent added to the containers), securedto the lids 1608 and placed within the couplers 1603 on the tray 1602.The cell culture containers 1617, 1618 can be any known type cellculture vessel, such as, for example, a flask or dish as described abovefor previous embodiments. The waste container 1606 and the reagentcontainer 1605 can be placed in an upright position within the holders1604. In other embodiments, the waste container 1606 and/or the reagentcontainer 1605 can be placed in any suitable location for transportationwithin other locations of the cell culturing system 1600.

The tray assembly 1601 can then be coupled to the base unit 1620 asshown in FIG. 16C. In this embodiment, the multiport valve 1607 isdecoupled from the tray assembly 1601 and matingly coupled to the valveactuator 1621, while remaining fluidically coupled to the various lids1608, 1609, 1610. The fluid pump 1613 can be fluidically coupled to themultiport valve 1607 via a length of tubing E. In the case of a syringebeing used as the fluid pump 1613, as described above, the syringe canbe coupled to the multiport valve 1607 within the aseptic environmentand coupled to the tray 1602 prior to the tray assembly 1601 beingcoupled to the base unit 1620. The syringe 1613 can then be moved to theholder (not shown) of the base unit 1620 and coupled to the pumpactuator 1626, while remaining fluidically coupled to the multiportvalve 1607 via tubing. The waste container 1606 and the reagentcontainer 1605 can be removed from the tray 1602 and placed, forexample, at a location alongside or near the tray 1602, and/or withinthe incubator, or a refrigerator. A more detailed description of themethod of preparing the cell culture system 1600 for use is describedbelow with reference to FIGS. 21-30. The tray assembly 1601 can becoupled to the base unit 1620, within the aseptic environment or outsideof the aseptic environment. The cell culture system (with tray assembly1601 coupled to the base unit 1620) can be placed in an incubator readyfor a cell culturing procedure. In some embodiments, the tray assembly1601 can be coupled to the base unit 1620 within the incubator.

Any of the base units and/or tray assemblies described herein can beused to perform any of the computer-implemented methods describedherein. Said another way, any of the base units and/or tray assembliesdescribed herein can include (or interface with) an electronic controlsystem to facilitate automated (or semi-automated) method of culturingcells. As shown in FIG. 17, the electronic computer system 1630 cancommunicate with other remote computing devices (e.g., computing device1643), via a network 1646 (e.g., the Internet), through, for example, aservice platform 1642 and a cell culture Application (i.e., App) 1644.The electronic control system 1630 can in addition to, or alternatively,communicate with a remote computing device through a direct connectionsuch as, a cable connected to a USB port of the base unit 1620. Thecomponents, modules, and/or functions described in connection with thecell culturing system 1600 can be included within any of the cellculturing systems described herein. For example, although not shown, thecell culturing systems 200, 300 and 400 can include an electroniccontrol system similar to or the same as the electronic control system1630. Moreover, although the cell culturing system 1600 is shown anddescribed as including only one connected computing device 1643, inother embodiments, the cell culturing system 1600 (and any of the cellculturing systems described herein) can include any number of any ofconnected remote computing devices.

The service platform 1642 can be any suitable computer-implementedinterface and/or computing entity, such as a server or personalcomputer, that is configured to communicate via the network 1646 withthe remote computing device 1643 and/or any other portions of the cellculturing system 1600 (e.g., a call center interface, other remotecomputing devices, or the like, not shown). More specifically, theservice platform 1642 can receive information from the devices withinthe cell culturing system 1600 (e.g., base units or remote computingdevices) manipulate the information and produce information to any otherdevices within the cell culturing system 1600. For example, in someembodiments, cell density or cell confluence information associated withthe tray assembly 1601 can be transmitted from the base unit 1620 to theremote computing device 1643. The remote computing device 1643 canproduce notifications for the user via the cell culture application 1644and can receive input from a user in response to such notifications. Theremote computing device 1643 can then transmit the input (orinstructions) to the service platform 1642. Based on the user input, theservice platform 1642 can transmit instructions to the base unit 1620,which can then execute the instructions to perform the desired task(e.g., cell passaging). In this manner, the service platform 1642 cancontrol and/or manage certain instructions, notifications and/orfeatures. Similarly stated, in this manner the service platform 1642 canfunction as the “back end” for the cell culturing system 1600.

The network 1646 can be a piconet, the Internet, an intranet, a localarea network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a virtual network, atelecommunications network, any other suitable communication systemand/or combination of such networks. The network 1646 can be implementedas a wired and/or wireless network. The base unit 1620 and the remotecomputing device 1643 can be coupled to (or connected with) the networkvia any suitable mechanism and/or by any protocol. For example, in someembodiments, the base unit 1620 can be in direct communication with thenetwork 1646, the remote computing devices 1643 and/or the serviceplatform 1642 via the LTE Direct protocol or any other suitable protocol(e.g., the 5G mobile wireless standard based on the IEEE 802.11acstandard for broadband technology).

Although FIG. 17 identifies the base unit 1620, the electronic controlsystem 1630 can be incorporated into (or used with) any of the baseunits described herein. As described above, the base unit 1620 includesor is attached to an electronic control system 1630. For example, insome embodiments, the electronic control system 1630 can be coupled toand/or within a housing 1623 and/or any other portion of the base unit1620. Similarly stated, the electronic control system 1630 can beintegrated within the base unit 1620. In other embodiments, however, theelectronic control system 1630 can be separate from but operably coupledto the base unit 1620 (e.g., connected wirelessly or via a wiredconnection). Although the electronic control system 1630 is shown asincluding one or more processors 1631, one or more memory components1632, a radio 1633 and various modules, such as an actuation module1634, an agitation module 1635, a fluid flow module 1636, a valve module1637, a pump module 1638, a measurement module and/or a network module1640, in other embodiments, an electronic circuit system need notinclude all (or any) of these modules, and can include any other modulesdescribed herein. For example, in some embodiments, an electroniccontrol system may only include a flow module and is configured toperform the cell passaging and flow methods associated therewith, andneed not include, for example, the agitation module.

The processor 1631, and any of the processors described herein can beany suitable processor for performing the methods described herein. Insome embodiments, processor 1631 can be configured to run and/or executeapplication modules, processes and/or functions associated with the cellculturing system 1600. For example, the processor 1631 can be configuredto run and/or execute the actuation module 1634, the agitation module1635 and/or the network module 1640 and/or any of the other modulesdescribed herein, and perform the methods associated therewith. Theprocessor 1631 can be, for example, a Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a DigitalSignal Processor (DSP), and/or the like. The processor 1631 can beconfigured to retrieve data from and/or write data to memory, e.g., thememory 1632. As described herein, in some embodiments, the processor1631 can cooperatively function with the radio 1633 and/or executeinstructions from code to provide signals to communicatively couple theelectronic control system 1630 to the computing device 1643 (e.g., viawireless communication) and/or any other computing entity via a networksuch as network 1646. In some embodiments, the processor 1631 is aBluetooth® low energy (BLE) processor.

The memory 1632 can be, for example, random access memory (RAM), memorybuffers, hard drives, databases, erasable programmable read only memory(EPROMs), electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROMs),read only memory (ROM), flash memory, hard disks, floppy disks, cloudstorage, and/or so forth. In some embodiments, the memory 1632 storesinstructions to cause the processor 1631 to execute modules, processesand/or functions associated with such cell culturing system 1600 and/orthe base unit 1620. For example, the memory 1632 can store instructionsto cause the processor 1631 to execute any of the application modulesdescribed herein, and perform the methods associated therewith.

As described above, one or more of the sensor(s) 1629 can be separateand/or included within the electronic control system 1630 can include,for example, imaging devices, optical sensors, accelerometers,temperature sensors, contact sensors, position sensors and/or any othersuitable input device. In some embodiments, the sensor(s) 1629 caninclude a sensor operable to monitor and/or measure the position (orselection) of the ports of the multiport valve 1607, the fluid pump 1627position, temperatures, agitation, etc. For example, in someembodiments, a sensor 1629 can include a position sensor operable todetect a position of a multiport valve of the system. As yet anotherexample, the sensor 1629 can include an optical sensor operable todetect the density (or amount) of cells within a cell culture containercoupled to the tray 1602. In such embodiments, the optical sensor coulddetect the attenuation of light (e.g., to detect the density of cellswithin a light path). The optical sensor could alternatively capture animage (e.g., via a photocell, microscope, charge coupled device or thelike) to determine the amount of cells within the cell culturecontainer. As yet another example, a sensor 1629 can include anaccelerometer operable to detect a characteristic movement or vibrationsignature of the tray assembly 1601 when the device is being agitated.

The radio 1633 (also referred to as a receiver, transmitter and/ortransceiver) can be operable to send signals to, and/or receive radiosignals, such as Bluetooth®, ZigBee, Wi-Fi, 1631 is Bluetooth®processor, the radio 1633 can be integral with the processor 1631. Inother embodiments, the radio 1633 can include a processor distinct fromthe processor 1631. The radio 1633 can be operable to communicativelycouple the electronic control system 1630 to the computing device 1643and/or any other computing entity via a network 1646. The radio 1633 caninclude or be coupled to a ceramic chip antenna, a stamped antenna, asintered antenna, a PCB conductive trace antenna, and/or any othersuitable antenna.

The measurement module 1641 (also referred to in some embodiments as thecell sensor module) can be a hardware and/or software module (stored inmemory 1632 and/or executed in the processor 1631). As described in moredetail herein, in some embodiments, the measurement module 1641 isconfigured to receive multiple different signals from the sensors 1629of the electronic control system 1630 and produce information to variousother modules within the electronic control system 1630.

The flow module 1636 can be a hardware and/or software module (stored inmemory 1632 and/or executed in the processor 1631). As described in moredetail herein, the flow module 1636 can be configured to receive anindication (e.g., from the sensor(s) 1629) and/or transition informationassociated with a change in status of a pump or a multiport valve of thebase unit 1620 and determine, based on the indication or the transitioninformation, what valves of the multiport valve 1607 to open and closeto cause fluid to move into and/or out of a particular container of thesystem 1600.

The network module 1640 can be a hardware and/or software module (storedin memory 1632 and/or executed in the processor 1631). The networkmodule 1640 is configured to exchange information associated with thebase unit 1620 and the remote computing device 1643 to facilitate thecommunication process. For example, the network module 1640 of the baseunit 1620 can cause the remote computing device 1643 and the base unit1620 to exchange short term and/or long-term security keys to completethe pairing and bonding process.

A notification module 1639 can be a hardware and/or software module(stored in memory 1632 and/or executed in the processor 1631). Thenotification module 1639 is configured to produce notificationsassociated with any of the methods and/or application modules describedherein. For example, in some embodiments, the notification module 1639can produce a notification that is transmitted via the radio 1633 and isfor receipt by a notification module of the remote computing device1643. In this manner, the notification module 1639 executed in the cellculture application can produce outputs (e.g., wireless communicationsignals, GUI elements, audible outputs, visual outputs, or the like) tonotify the user of events.

The agitation module 1635, the valve module 1637, and the pump module1638 can each be a hardware and/or software module (stored in memory1632 and/or executed in the processor 1631). These modules can beconfigured to receive an indication (e.g., from the sensor(s) 1629)and/or transition information associated with a change in status of, forexample, a pump or a multiport valve of the base unit 1620, anddetermine, based on the indication or the transition information, whatactions to perform at the particular device (e.g., pump, valve,agitator). In some embodiments, the valve module 1637 and/or the pumpmodule 1638 can provide information associated with a position of themultiport valve 1607 and the pump 1627, respectively. In someembodiments, the modules 1637 and 1638 can include (or receiveinformation from) an encoder. In some embodiments, an actuator module1634 can perform some or all of the functions of the agitation module1635, valve module 1637, and/or pump module 1638.

The computing device 1643 (or other “remote” computing devices, such asa mobile computing entity, such as a smart mobile phone (e.g., aniPhone®, an Android® device, a Windows® phone, a Blackberry® phone,etc.), a tablet computer (e.g., an Apple iPad®, a Samsung Nexus® device,a Microsoft Surface® device, etc.), or a computer (e.g., a laptop,desktop, smart TV, etc.), and/or any other suitable computing entity.The computing device 1643 can include a processor, a memory, a userinterface 1645, and a radio.

The user interface 1645 of the remote computing device 1643 can be, forexample, a monitor or screen that displays visual elements to a user.The user interface 1645 can be a touch screen (of a smart mobile phone)upon which a series of graphical user interface (GUI) elements (e.g.,windows, icons, input prompts, graphical buttons, data displays,notification, or the like) can be displayed. In some embodiments, thegraphical user interface elements (see e.g., the GUI elements 1645A,1645B, and 1645C described with reference to FIGS. 18-20) are producedby the cell culture application 1644. Moreover, the user interface canalso receive input from the user, such as, for example, input via atouch screen, input via a microphone, or the like.

The cell culture application 1644 (also referred to as “application” or“cell culture app”) is configured to communicate with the electroniccontrol system. In some embodiments, the application 1644 cancommunicate directly with an electronic control system 1630 disposed onthe base unit 1620. In some embodiments, the application 1644 cancommunicate with the electronic control system 1630 via a computingcloud environment. The application 1644 can be used to set-up, executeand monitor various steps of a cell culturing procedure using the cellculture system 1600. For example, the application 1644 can be used tocause the remote computing device 1643 to produce a series of promptsand information (e.g., via the user interface) to facilitate the cellculture methods described herein. Specifically, the cell cultureapplication 1644 can cause the remote computing device 1643 to produce agraphical user interface (GUI) element that can include a prompt toenter various data for the cell culture procedure. FIGS. 18-20 aresample screenshots showing various GUI elements that can be produced bythe remote computing device.

FIGS. 21-30 illustrate a method of preparing a cell culture system foruse in a cell culturing procedure. The cell culture system 1700illustrated in FIGS. 21-30 can include the same or similar components asother embodiments described herein (for example, the cell culturingsystem 1600 or the cell culturing system 2000), and therefore, somedetails of the cell culturing system 1700 are not described with respectto this embodiment.

The cell culturing system 1700 (also referred to herein as “system”)includes a tray assembly 1701 and a base unit 1720 (see FIGS. 27-30). Asshown, for example, in FIG. 21, the tray assembly 1701 includes a tray1702 with the same or similar components disposed thereon as describedabove for other embodiments (e.g., the tray assembly 1601 or the trayassembly 2001). For example, the tray assembly 1701 includes, a wastecontainer 1706 coupled to a lid 1710, a reagent container 1705 coupledto a lid 1709 and three lids 1708 each configured to be coupled to acell culture container (shown in FIGS. 25-27). The lids 1708, 1709 and1710 can include a liquid exchange port (also referred to as “fluidport”) and a gas exchange port as described above for previousembodiments. The tray assembly 1701 also includes a multiport valve 1707with a master port and multiple selectable ports to which the lids 1708,1709, 1710 can be selectively coupled via a length of tubing. The wastecontainer 1706 and the reagent container are shown coupled in ahorizontal orientation on holders 1704. The tray assembly 1701 alsoincludes couplers 1703 to which the cell culture container can becoupled as described below. Below where the cell culture containers willbe disposed are transparent portions (or openings/cutout portions) 1758of tray 1702. In this embodiment, a syringe holder 1711 is provided andholds a syringe port 1712 thereto. The syringe port 1712 is also coupledto the multiport valve 1707 with tubing T. FIG. 22 illustrates the trayassembly 1701 encased within an overwrap 1715 to maintain the sterilityof the tray assembly 1701 during transport and storage. This arrangementallows for the tray assembly 1701 to be assembled at a centralizedfacility, placed in the protective overwrap 1715 and sterilized. Thesterilization can be performed by any suitable method, includingradiation sterilization, sterilization via ethylene oxide (EtO), orelectron beam sterilization. The prepackaged, sterilized tray assembly1701 can then be stored until needed for a cell culturing procedure.

The first steps in preparation for a cell culturing procedure is toprepare the cells and media (e.g., reagent) and to prepare the trayassembly 1701, which are done within an aseptic environment (e.g.,laminar flow hood). The cells and media are placed within cell culturecontainers or vessels, which in this example, there are positions forthree cell culture containers (1747, 1748, 1749 shown, for example, inFIGS. 26-27). The tray assembly 1701 is placed in the asepticenvironment (e.g., a hood) and the overwrap 1715 is removed. The wastecontainer 1706 and the reagent container 1705 can be moved to a verticalorientation within the holders 1704 as shown in FIG. 23, with the lids1709 and 1710 in an upright position. In this example, the fluid pump1713 is a syringe, which can be removed from an outer sterile wrap, andthe port 1712 can then be coupled to the fluid pump 1713 as shown inFIG. 23. The fluid pump 1713 is then placed within the holder 1711 asshown in FIG. 24. In some embodiments, the fluid pump 1713 (e.g.,syringe) is not included within the prepackaged tray assembly 1701, butrather is a separate component. In other embodiments, the fluid pump1713 (e.g., syringe) is included within the prepackaged tray assembly1701.

After the cell culture container are loaded with the cells and initialamount of cell culture media, the lids 1708 are secured to the cellculture containers 1747, 1748, 1749 with the cells and medium therein.The lids 1708 are first removed from the shipping supports 1795 (seeFIG. 24) to which they are coupled. The shipping supports 1795 are sizedand configured to be received within the interior of the lids 1708 tosecure the lids 1708 during shipment, storage and initial setup. Thisarrangement reduces the likelihood of undesired movement during theinitial setup and possible contamination of the interior portion of thelids. The lids 1708 are then coupled to their respective containerswhile remaining fluidically coupled to the multiport valve 1707). Thecontainers 1747, 1748, 1749 are coupled to the couplers 1703 such thatthe container vessels are disposed in a horizontal position as shown inFIG. 25. In this position, the bottom surface of the cell culturecontainers 1747, 1748, 1749 is aligned with the transparent portion 1758of the tray.

With the tray assembly 1701 fully assembled, as shown in FIG. 26, thetray assembly 1701 can be placed on the base unit 1720 as shown in FIG.27. This can be done outside of the aseptic environment as components(e.g., containers, lids, valve, syringe) are fluidically coupled in aclosed system. The tray assembly 1701 should be oriented with the arrow(labeled A and encircled) on the tray 1702 pointing towards the baseunit 1720 as shown in FIG. 27. As also shown in FIG. 27, the base unit1720 includes a pump actuator 1726, a valve connector 1721 and a valveactuator 1722. In this embodiment, the multiport valve 1707 is removablefrom the tray 1702 and can be coupled to the base unit 1720. Morespecifically, a mounting portion 1716 of the multiport valve 1707 can bedetached from the tray 1702 by removing the fastener 1757 and attachingthe mounting portion 1716 to a mating valve connector 1722 of the baseunit 1720 with the same or a different fastener 1757, as shown in FIGS.28 and 29. The fluid pump 1713 (e.g., syringe) is decoupled from thetray assembly 1701 and coupled to a holder 1719 of the base unit 1720 asshown in FIG. 29. This operation is performed while the fluid pump 1713remains fluidically coupled to the multiport valve 1707, therebymaintain the closed system. The holder 1719 can be part of a fluid pumpportion (e.g., 1627) of the base unit 1720 as described above for system1600. The waste container 1706 and the reagent container 1705 can beremoved from the tray 1702 and placed near the base unit 1720, as shownin FIG. 30 (or in any other suitable location).

The base unit 1720 and the tray assembly 1701 can then be moved into anincubation environment (e.g., an incubator 2275 as shown in FIG. 58) tofacilitate the cell growth in a temperature-controlled environment ifthe tray assembly 1701 is coupled to the base unit 1720 outside of theincubator. In some embodiments, the base unit 1720 is disposed withinthe incubator when the tray assembly 1701 is coupled thereto.

FIG. 31 is a flowchart illustrating a method 1850 of preparing a cellculture system for use in a cell culturing procedure. The method 1850can be performed with any of the cell culture systems described herein,such as, for example, the cell culture system 1700 described above withreference to FIGS. 23-30. At 1851, a cell culture tray assembly isremoved from an outer protective wrap. The tray assembly can be any ofthe tray assemblies described herein and includes a tray, a first lid, asecond lid, and a multiport valve. The first lid is coupled to the trayand configured to be removably coupled to a first container, and thesecond lid is coupled to the tray and configured to be removably coupledto a second container. The multiport valve is coupled to the tray andincludes a master port and multiple selectable ports. A first selectableport is aseptically coupled to the first liquid exchange port of thefirst lid, and a second selectable port is aseptically coupled to thesecond liquid exchange port of the second lid. As described herein, byhaving the lids precoupled to the appropriate ports, fewer operationsare performed during the initial setup, thereby reducing the likelihoodof contamination and error. At 1852, at least one cell sample is addedto a first container through an opening of the first container and at1853, a volume of reagent (e.g., a cell culture media) is added to thefirst container through the opening of the first container. At 1854, thefirst lid is coupled to the first container to close the opening. Insome embodiments, the second lid can optionally be coupled to the secondcontainer. At 1855, the tray assembly is coupled to a base unit. In someembodiments, when the tray assembly is coupled to the base unit, a valveactuator of the base unit simultaneously engages the multiport valve ofthe tray assembly. In some embodiments, the valve actuator engages themultiport valve after the tray assembly is coupled to the base unit. At1856, a fluid pump is coupled to a pump actuator of the base unit. Forexample, the fluid pump can be a syringe or a peristaltic pump that canbe coupled the base unit. After preparation of the cell culturingassembly, any of the methods of cell culturing described herein can beperformed.

As described above, in some embodiments, an automated cell culturesystem can include an imaging device that includes a microscope that maybe moved relative to the housing of a base unit to image the contents ofany cell culture vessel of the automated cell culture system. In someembodiments, the microscope may be mounted on a mechanical system thatis capable of moving the microscope into alignment with the cell culturevessels or a cell counting chip. The mechanical system can be anysuitable assembly for moving the imaging device, such as a 2-dimensionalor 3-dimensional gantry mechanism or a hinged robotic arm mechanism.FIGS. 32-34 illustrate an example embodiment of such an optical imagingsystem (also referred to as a microscope imaging device). The microscopeimaging device 1960 can be mounted within the housing of any of the baseunits of the cell culture systems described herein. For example, themicroscope imaging device 1960 can be included within the base unit1720, the base unit 2020, or any other base units described herein. Themicroscope imaging device 1960 includes an imaging device 1962 that canview through a window or transparent portion in the top of the base unitand through cut outs (or transparent portions) in both the tray (see,e.g., the transparent portion 1758 described herein) and any shakingplatform (e.g., support for a tray in contact with an agitator). Thus,the microscope imaging device 1960 can be used to collect informationrelated to the contents of a cell culture container and/or within a cellcounting chip as described herein. For example, in some embodiments, themicroscope imaging device 1960 can obtain images of a cell culturecontainer and/or a cell counting chip during a cell culturing procedure,and the images can be used to determine, for example, the density of thecontents to determine a quantity of cells within the container (forexample, for suspension cells), or a percentage confluence (i.e.,percentage of coverage of the container area with cells) in the case of,for example, adherent cells.

The microscope imaging device 1960 includes a gantry system 1961 thatprovides for movement of the imaging device 1962 in multiple directionsrelative to the housing of the base unit (not shown in FIGS. 32-34). Thegantry 1961 includes a set of rails 1963, 1964 and a cross-rail 1965.The cross-rail 1965 is mounted to and can move back and forth relativeto the rails 1963 and 1964 in the direction of arrow B. Morespecifically, a first motor 1966 can drive a belt 1968 to which thecross-rail 1965 is operatively coupled. The image device 1962 is movablymounted to the cross-rail 1965 and is operatively coupled to a belt 1969that is driven by a second motor 1967 to move the imaging device 1962 ina direction of arrow B. The imaging device 1962 is further moveable in adirection of arrow C via a motor 1973 for focusing the imaging device1960. Thus, during operation, the imaging device 1962 can be moved inthe direction of arrow A via the movement of the rail 1965 relative tothe rails 1963 and 1964, in the direction of arrow B via its movementrelative to the rail 1966, and in the direction of arrow C relative tothe base of the imaging device 1960 to be positioned at a desiredlocation relative to a cell culture container and/or a cell countingchip.

A light(s) or light source (not shown) can be mounted above the trayassembly of the system on another multi-axis gantry which allows it tobe controlled to move to the same position as the microscope within thebase unit. In some embodiments, the light source can be operativelycoupled to the same gantry (e.g., gantry 1961) as the microscope suchthat the microscope 1962 and light source can be moved together. In someembodiments, the microscope imaging device 1960 can be controlled by anyof the electronic control systems and according to any of the methodsdescribed herein. For example, in some embodiments, the microscopeimaging device 1960 (and any associated light source) can be controlledto automatically image a cell culture container (e.g., to produce asensor output associated with the cells within the container). A cellsensor module of an electronic control system (e.g., the electroniccontrol system 1730) or any other electronic control system describedherein can receive the sensor output and produce a signal associatedwith a quantity of cells within the container (e.g., cell density or apercentage confluence). Based on this information the electronic controlsystem can then produce one or more signals (e.g., valve controlsignals, pump control signals, agitator signals, or the like) to causethe transfer of the cells from within the cell culture container toanother container within the system. Similarly stated, in someembodiments, the microscope imaging device 1960 can provide input forautomated cell passaging or cell harvesting operations.

FIGS. 35-44 illustrate another embodiment of a cell culturing system2000, for use in a cell culturing procedure. The cell culture system2000 can include the same or similar components as other embodimentsdescribed herein (including the cell culture system 1700) and can havethe same or similar functions as the previous embodiments describedherein, and therefore, some details of the cell culturing system 2000are not described with respect to this embodiment.

The cell culturing system 2000 (also referred to herein as “system”)includes a tray assembly 2001 (see, e.g., FIGS. 35-37) and a base unit2020 (see, e.g., FIGS. 38-44). As shown, for example, in FIG. 35, thetray assembly 2001 includes a tray 2002 with handles 2014 and with thesame or similar components disposed thereon as described above forprevious embodiments (e.g., tray assemblies 1601 and 1701). For example,the tray assembly 2001 includes, a waste container 2006 coupled to a lid2010, a reagent container 2005 coupled to a lid 2009 and three lids 2008configured to be coupled to a cell culture container (not shown in FIGS.35-44). The lids 2008, 2009 and 2010 can include a liquid exchange port(also referred to as “fluid port”) and a gas exchange port as describedabove for previous embodiments. The tray assembly 2001 also includes amultiport valve 2007 with a master port and multiple selectable ports towhich the lids 2008, 2009, 2010 can be selectively coupled via a lengthof tubing (not shown). For example, as described herein, the lids 2008,2009, 2010 can be coupled to the multiport valve 2007 preassembled andwithin the overwrap. FIGS. 35-44 do not show the tubing and connectionsbetween the various components and the multiport valve 2007 forillustration purposes. The multiport valve 2007 is coupled to the tray2002 via a mounting portion 2016 that matingly couples to and fitswithin a mounting pocket 2018 of the tray 2002 in a puzzle-like manner.

The waste container 2006 and the reagent container 2005 are showncoupled in a horizontal orientation on holders 2004. The tray assembly2001 also includes couplers 2003, 2003′ to which the cell culturecontainers can be coupled as described herein. Specifically, the coupler2003 is a bracket that extends around a first end portion of the cellculture container (not shown) and the coupler 2003′ is a pair of tabsthat receive a flange portion of a second end portion of the cellculture container. The couplers 2003′ also function to retain thetemporary shipping supports 2095 to which the lids 2008 are coupledduring storage, shipment, and initial setup. The couplers 2003, 2003′retain the cell culture containers in a predetermined, fixed location onthe tray 2002. Below where the cell culture containers will be disposedare transparent portions 2058 (see, e.g., FIG. 36) of tray 2002. In thisembodiment, a pump holder 2011 is provided that can hold a pump port(not shown) as described above for previous embodiments. As describedabove, the tray assembly 2001 is preassembled and placed within anoverwrap (not shown) to maintain the sterility of the tray assembly 2001during transport and storage. FIG. 37 illustrates the tray assembly 2001when the overwrap is removed (i.e., within an aseptic environment), withthe waste container 2006 and the reagent container 2005 removed and afluid pump 2013 coupled to the holder 2011. As shown in FIG. 37, in thisembodiment, the fluid pump 2013 is a syringe.

As described above for previous embodiments, the preassembled trayassembly 2001 can be removably coupled to the base unit 2020. FIGS.38-44 illustrate the base unit 2020. The base unit 2020 includes ahousing 2023, a pump actuator 2026 disposed partially within a recess orpocket 2025 of the housing 2023. The pump actuator 2026 (see, e.g.,FIGS. 38-40) includes a pump holder 2019 to which the fluid pump 2013can be locked in place and operatively connected to the pump actuator2026. Although the pump holder 2019 is shown as slotted member thatreceives a syringe flange and a movable member to secure the syringeflange in place, in other embodiments, the pump holder 2019 can be anysuitable structure or mechanism for securing the pump (which can be anysuitable pump) to the pump actuator. The base unit 2020 also includes avalve connector 2022 configured to matingly couple to the multiportvalve 2007 and a valve actuator 2021 configured to engage the multiportpump 2007 when coupled thereto. For example, as described above, whenthe tray assembly 2001 is coupled to the base unit 2020, the multiportvalve 2007 can be uncoupled from the tray 2002 and coupled to the valveconnector 2022 of the base unit 2020 such that the multiport valve 2007operatively engages the valve actuator 2021 as shown in FIGS. 40 and 41.FIG. 41 is a partial exploded view illustrating the components of themultiport valve 2007 prior to being coupled to the valve connector 2022.

In this embodiment, a support plate 2059 is coupled to the housing 2023and provides a receiving portion 2024 on which the tray assembly 2001can be placed. In this embodiment, the support plate 2059 is elevatedabove a top surface of the housing 2023. FIG. 42 is a side viewillustrating the elevation of the support plate 2059. The support plate2059 is coupled to an agitator 2028 (see FIG. 44) disposed within aninterior of the housing 2023. As described above, the agitator 2028 canbe used during a cell culturing procedure to agitate the tray assembly2001 and the contents of the cell culture containers coupled thereto.

FIG. 40 illustrates the base unit 2020 with the syringe 2019 coupled tothe syringe holder 2019 and the multiport valve 2007 coupled to thevalve connector 2022. FIG. 40 also shows an optional mat 2070 disposedon the top surface of the support plate 2059. The mat 2070 can be, forexample, a rubber mat configured to protect the surface of the supportplate 2059 and/or provide dampening when the tray assembly 2001 isagitated by the agitator 2028. Similarly stated, in some embodiments,the support plate (or receiving portion) of a base unit can include adamping member that dampens any relative motion or contact between thesupport plate on the containers mounted thereto.

FIGS. 43 and 44 are opposite side views of the base unit 2020 showingthe interior of the housing 2023. FIG. 43 shows the valve actuator 2022and FIG. 44 shows the agitator 2028 and the pump actuator 2026 withinthe pocket 2025. Also shown in FIG. 44 is the electronic control system2030. The electronic control system 2030 can be configured the same asor similar to and function the same as or similar to, the electroniccontrol system 1630 described above. The electronic control system 2030can optionally be capable of communicating with other computing devicesand/or within a cloud computing environment and can include some or allof the components and features describe above with respect to FIG. 17.Although not shown, the system 2000 can also include one or more sensorsand/or lights (e.g., microscope, imaging device, etc.), such as themicroscope imaging device 1960 described herein.

FIGS. 45-51 illustrate another embodiment of a cell culture system thatcan be used in a cell culturing procedure. The cell culture system 2100can include some of the same or similar components as other embodimentsdescribed herein and can have the same or similar functions as theprevious embodiments described herein, and therefore, some details ofthe cell culturing system 2100 are not described with respect to thisembodiment. In this embodiment, the cell culturing system 2100 does notinclude an agitator and includes two multiport valves/valve actuators,and two fluid pumps/fluid actuators.

The cell culturing system 2100 (also referred to herein as “system”)includes a tray assembly 2101 and a base unit 2120. As shown, forexample, in FIG. 45, the tray assembly 2101 includes a tray 2102 withtwo multiport valves 2107 and 2107′, and four cell culture containers2147 are shown disposed thereon. The containers 2147 can be preassembledon the tray assembly 2101 or added to the tray 2102 just prior to a cellculture procedure. For example, in some embodiments, the containers 2147are preassembled on the tray 2102 as the tray assembly 2101 is providedwithin an overwrap. The preassembled containers can be coupled to oruncoupled from lids 2108 (described below) when disposed within theoverwrap. During preparation for a cell culturing procedure, cells andreagent can be added to the containers, and the lids 2108 attached tothe containers, prior to the tray assembly 2101 being coupled to thebase unit 2120. In some embodiments, the containers 2147 are notpreassembled on the tray 2102 (are not provided within the overwrap),but rather are added to the tray during preparation for the cell cultureprocedure, as described above. The containers are filled with cells andreagent (e.g., cell culture media), coupled to the lids 2108 and addedto the tray assembly 2101.

The lids 2108 can be configured the same as the lids described above forprevious embodiments, including the cell culture vessel lid 803 or thelid 2408. For example, the lids 2108 can include a liquid exchange port(also referred to as “fluid port”) and a gas exchange port, and thefluid ports can be aseptically coupled to one of the multiport valves2107, 2107′ with tubing (not shown) as described above for previousembodiments. For example, two of the container 2147/lids 2008 can befluidically coupled to the valve 2107 and two of the containers2147/lids 2108 can be fluidically coupled to the valve 2107′. In thisembodiment, the multiport valves 2107, 2107′ are fixed to the tray 2102and remain on the tray 2102 when the tray assembly 2101 is coupled tothe base unit 2120. The multiport valves 2107, 2107′ can each include amaster port and multiple selectable ports to which the lids 2008 (and/orother lids/containers) can be selectively coupled via a length of tubing(not shown). The multiport valves 2107, 2107′ can be coupled to the tray2102 via a mounting portion (not shown) that matingly couples to andfits within a mounting pocket 2018 of the tray 2102.

In this embodiment, the base unit 2120 includes a housing 2123 thatdefines a tray receiving portion 2124 and includes the two valveactuators 2122, 2122′. The valve actuators 2122, 2122′ each include avalve connector portion 2171, 2171′ that extends from a top surface ofthe base unit 2120 within the receiving portion 2124 as shown in FIG.51. When the tray assembly 2101 is coupled to the base unit 2120, themultiport vales 2107, 2107′ can operatively engage the valve actuators2122 and 2122′ of the base unit 2120 via the valve connector portions2171 as shown in FIG. 47.

In this embodiment, the base unit 2120 also includes two fluid actuators2126 and 2126′ that are couplable to fluid pumps 2113 and 2113′,respectively. The fluid pumps 2113, 2113′ can be, for example, syringes,peristaltic pumps or another type of positive displacement fluid pump.The use of two pumps 2113, 2113′ and two valves 2107 can provide forseparate fluidic connections between the valves 2107, 2107′ and thevarious containers of the system to allow, for example, separate fluidinputs and outputs to and from a particular container (e.g., containers2147). For example, waste removal from one container can be separatefrom and not pass through the same fluidic channels as other freshmedia. Two pumps can also allow for more inputs and outputs to thecontainers by replicating fluidics.

In this embodiment, the system 2100 does not include an agitator.Although not shown, the system 2100 can also include an electroniccontrol system, one or more sensor (e.g., microscope, imaging device,etc.). The system 2100 can also include various other containers such asa waste container, reagent containers, cell harvest containers, etc.,that can each be couplable to one of the multiport valves 2107, 2107′.

FIGS. 52-58 illustrate another embodiment of a cell culture system thatcan be used in a cell culturing procedure. The cell culture system 2200can include some of the same or similar components as other embodimentsdescribed herein and can have the same or similar functions as theprevious embodiments described herein, and therefore, some details ofthe cell culturing system 2200 may not be illustrated and are notdescribed in detail with respect to this embodiment. This embodimentillustrates an example cell culturing system that includes multipleseparate tray assemblies that can each include lids and/or containersthat can be fluidically coupled to a separate multiport valve and aseparate fluid pump system. Said another way each tray assembly isfluidically coupled to its own multiport valve and fluid pump, but isfluidically isolated from the multiport valves and fluid pumps of theother trays. The separate tray assemblies can then be coupled to asingle base unit. In some embodiments, each of the separate trayassemblies can be preassembled and disposed within a protective overwrapand shipped separately. In some embodiments, the separate trayassemblies can be preassembled and shipped together within a protectiveoverwrap. By maintaining each of the tray assemblies in fluidicisolation from the other tray assemblies, the cell culture system iscapable of culturing multiple different types of cells without the riskof cross-contamination. For example, each tray assembly can beconfigured for a different cell type. This embodiment also allows formore different types of cells to be cultured and incubated within adimensionally smaller device. For example, with a multiple tray systemas described below, the system can be used to grow three types of cellson a single shelf and/or within a single base unit of an incubator,without sharing fluidics between the three cell types. In someembodiments, a single, larger tray (the width of two or three of thesmaller trays) can be used when desired to grow more of a single type ofcell.

In this embodiment, the cell culturing system 2200 (also referred toherein as “system”) includes a base unit 2220 and three tray assemblies2201, 2201′, 2201″ that can be coupled to the base unit 2220 asdescribed above for previous embodiments. The three tray assemblies(collectively referred to as tray assemblies 2201) and the base unit2220 can include the same or similar features and components asdescribed above for previous embodiments. This embodiment also includesthree multiport valves 2207, 2207′, 2207″ (collectively referred to asmultiport valves 2207) and three fluid pumps 2213, 2213′, 2213″(collectively referred to as fluid pumps 2213).

In this embodiment, the tray assemblies 2201 can each include a tray2202, 2202′, 2202″ (collectively referred to as trays 2202) (see e.g.,FIG. 55), having a multiport valve 2207, 2207′, 2207″, a cell countingchip 2217, 2217′, 2217″ (collectively referred to as counting chips2217), a first cell culture container 2247, 2247′, 2247″ (collectivelyreferred to as cell culture containers 2247), and a second cell culturecontainer 2248, 2248′, 2248″ (collectively referred to as cell culturecontainers 2248) disposed thereon. In this example embodiment, thecontainers 2247 are smaller than the containers 2248. It should beunderstood, however, that the tray assemblies 2201 can accommodate othersized containers not shown. In some embodiments, one or all of the trayassemblies 2201 can include the same two containers. The use of a largercontainer (e.g., 2247) and a smaller container (e.g., 2248) within thesame tray assembly 2201 may be desirable, for example, to use for a cellexpansion process. For example, the cells can be placed in the smallercontainer 2248 to promote better growth when there are fewer cells, andthen the cells can be moved to the larger container as the growthsurface of the smaller flask gets crowded during the expansion process.The use of the same sized containers within the same tray assembly 2201may be desirable, for example, for a cell maintenance process, where acell line is to be kept in culture for when it is next needed.

The trays 2202 can include transparent portions or partial cut-outs 2258and 2258′, as shown in FIG. 57, on which the containers 2247 and 2248,respectively, can be disposed. As described above for previousembodiments, the transparent portions or partial cut-outs 2258, 2258′can provide for sensor data to be obtained associated with the cellculture containers 2247 and 2248. For example, an imaging device orother sensor can be movably disposed within the housing of the base unit2220 (described below) and moved to a location below the transparentportions or cut-outs 2258, 2258′. As shown in FIG. 57, the transparentportions or cut-outs 2258′ illustrate an optional container cradle thatcan accommodate two different sized containers. Similarly, the trays2202 also include transparent portions or cut-outs 2268 at a locationwhere the cell counting chips 2217 are disposed to provide for sensordata to be obtained associated with a sample fluid disposed on the cellcounting chips 2217 as described above for previous embodiments.

The containers 2247 (and 2247′, 2247″) and 2248 (and 2248′, 2248″) canbe preassembled on the trays 2202 or added to the trays 2202 prior to acell culture procedure (e.g., in accordance with the methods describedherein). For example, in some embodiments, the containers 2247 arepreassembled on the tray 2202 and the tray assembly 2201 is providedwithin an overwrap (not shown, but similar to the overwraps describedherein). The preassembled containers can be either coupled to oruncoupled from a lid 2208 (described below) within the preassembled tray2202. During preparation for a cell culturing procedure, cells andreagent can be added to the containers 2247, 2248, and the lids 2208attached to the containers 2247, 2248, prior to the tray assemblies 2201being coupled to the base unit 2220. In some embodiments, the containers2247 are not preassembled on the tray 2202 (are not provided within theoverwrap), but rather are added to the trays 2202 during preparation forthe cell culture procedure. The containers 2247, 2248 can be filled withcells and reagent, coupled to the lids and added to the tray assembly2201.

The lids 2208 can be configured the same as the lids described above forprevious embodiments. For example, the lids 2208 can include a liquidexchange port (also referred to as “fluid port”) and a gas exchangeport. The fluid ports can be aseptically coupled to one of the multiportvalves 2207, 2207′, 2207″ with tubing (not shown) as described above forprevious embodiments. For example, for each tray assembly 2201, the twocontainers 2247 and 2248 with lids 2208 coupled thereto can befluidically coupled to a select port of the valve 2207 of that trayassembly 2201. The multiport valves 2207 can each include a master portand multiple selectable ports to which the lids 2208 (and/or otherlids/containers) can be selectively coupled. The multiport valves 2207can be coupled to the tray 2202 via a mounting portion (not shown) thatmatingly couples to and fits within a mounting pocket (not shown) of thetrays 2202 in a puzzle-like manner, as described above for previousembodiments.

In this embodiment, the base unit 2220 includes a housing 2223 thatdefines a tray receiving portion 2224 that can receive each of the threetray assemblies 2201. The housing 2223 also defines sections 2278 thatcan be transparent portions or cutouts that correspond to thetransparent portions 2258 of the tray assemblies 2201. The housing 2223also defines sections 2279 that can be transparent portions or cutoutsthat correspond to the transparent portions 2268 of the tray assemblies2201 where the cell counting chips 2217 are located. As shown in FIGS.52-54, the base unit 2220 can also optionally include multiple vials orvessels 2280 and multiple vials or vessels 2249. The vessels 2280(2280′, 2280″) can be, for example, a holding vessel for an associatedfluid pump 2213. For example, the fluid pumps 2213 can be, for example,peristaltic pumps, and the vessels 2280 can each serve as a holdingvessel for one of the pumps such that the pump can function similar to asyringe type pump. More specifically, the vessel 2280′ can be a holdingvessel for the fluid pump 2213′, and the vessel 2280″ can be a holdingvessel for the fluid pump 2213″. The holding vessels 2280 can receive avolume of fluid from a first location within the system where it is helduntil the pump is actuated to move the volume of fluid to a secondlocation within the system. The vessels 2249 (2249′, 2249″) can be usedto hold various other fluids that can be fluidically coupled to one ofthe separate fluid systems via one of the multiport valves 2207 (2207′,2207″). For example, the vessels 2249 can be used for waste, or to holda fluid (e.g., a reagent) to warm the fluid after it has beenrefrigerated. For example, it may be desirable to refrigerate acontainer (or vessel) to keep the media therein at a desired temperature(e.g., 4 degrees Celsius). The media can be pumped from therefrigeration to a vessel, such as vessels 2249, such that the media canpassively heat up to, for example, 37 degrees Celsius due to thetemperature of the incubator in which the system 2200 is disposed.

Each tray assembly 2201 (2201′, 2201″), when coupled to the base unit2220, can be fluidically coupled to one of the fluid pumps 2213 (2213′,2213″) to provide a separate closed fluid flow system. As describedabove, when the tray assemblies 2201 (2201′, 2201″) are coupled to thebase unit 2220, the multiport valves 2207 (2207′, 2207″) can operativelyengage valve actuators 2221, 2221′, 2221″(collectively referred to asvalve actuators 2221) of the base unit 2220 via the valve connectorportions 2222, 2222′ and 2222″ (collectively referred to as valveconnectors 2222), respectively. More specifically, in this embodiment,the multiport valves 2207 are removably coupled to the trays 2202 andcan be coupled to a separate valve connector 2222 (2222′, 2222″) (see,e.g., FIG. 54) and valve actuator 2221 (2221′, 2221″) of the base unit2220 as described above, for example, for multiport valve 2007. Thefluid pumps 2213 can each be fluidically coupled to the master port ofthe corresponding multiport valve 2207. The fluid pumps 2213 (2213′,2213″) can each be coupled to a pump actuator (not shown) within orcoupled to the housing 2223 of the base unit 2220. Although the fluidpumps 2213 are described as peristaltic pumps, the fluid pumps 2213, canbe other types of fluid pumps, such as syringes or another type ofpositive displacement fluid pump.

As shown in FIG. 53, the cell culturing system 2200 also includes animaging device 2260 movably disposed within the housing 2223 such thatit can be moved to locations aligned with the sections 2278 and 2279.The imaging device 2260 can be, for example, a microscope mounted to agantry system to provide movement of the imaging device in multipledirections (similar to the microscope imaging device 1960 describedabove). Although not shown for this embodiment, the cell culturingsystem 2200 can also include an agitator, an electronic control system,and one or more additional sensor(s) (e.g., in addition to the imagingdevice 2260), as described herein.

In some embodiments, a single imaging device (e.g., 2260) and/or singleagitator can be used to image cells on all three tray assemblies 2201.In some embodiments, separate imaging devices and/or separate agitatorscan be used for each tray assembly. The system 2200 can also includevarious other containers such as a waste container, reagent containers,cell harvest containers, etc., that can each be couplable to one of thefluidic systems via the multiport valves 2207, 2207′, 2207″. The cellculturing system 2200 can also include various couplers or couplingportions for holding cell culture containers (e.g., 2003, 2103) andholders for holding other containers, such as waste and reagentcontainers (e.g., 2005, 2006).

FIG. 58 illustrates an example of two incubators 2275 stacked on top ofeach other, and in which multiple cell culturing systems 2200 (i.e.,tray and base unit) can be placed for a cell culturing procedure. Asshown in FIG. 58, in this embodiment, three cell culturing systems 2200can be placed on shelves within each incubator 2275.

FIG. 59 is a system diagram illustrating an example fluid flow within asystem during cell culturing procedures and the various containers andother components that can be coupled within a cell culturing system asdescribed herein. Thus, the system diagram is described with respect tovarious components of a cell culturing system 2300, but it should beunderstood that this example diagram can apply to any of the embodimentsdescribed herein.

FIG. 59 illustrates a tray 2302 with two cell culture containers 2347and 2348 coupled thereto. The cell culture containers 2347 and 2348, anda cell counting chip 2317 are each fluidically coupled to a select portof a multiport valve 2307. A fluid pump with fluid holding vessel 2327is fluidically coupled to a master port of the multiport valve 2307.Multiple other containers are also fluidically coupled to the multiportvalve 2307 including reagent containers 2305 and 2305′, a cell harvestcontainer 2374, a waste container 2306, a container 2376 containing acell buffer (e.g., PBS) and a container 2377 containing an enzyme (e.g.,Trypsin).

During a cell culturing procedure, the pump holding vessel holds fluidsolutions that are pumped in from a starting location (e.g., a reagentcontainer 2305, 2305′) within the system, the valve 2307 selects adestination channel (e.g., one of the containers 2347, 2348), and thenthe solution is pumped to that location. An isotonic and non-toxicbuffer solution (e.g., PBS) is used for washing out components that getreused, such as, for example, the pump holding vessel. As shown in thesupporting Table 1 in FIG. 60, in this example, the container 2305 canfirst be placed in a refrigerator to maintain the media within thecontainer 2305 at a desired temperature (e.g., 4 degrees Celsius). Mediafrom the container 2305 can then be pumped prior to a procedure (e.g.,an hour before) into 2305′ so that it can passively heat up to about 37degrees Celsius due to the temperature in the incubator. For detachingcells, e.g., during passaging or harvesting, media can first be pumpedout of the cell culture containers (2347, 2348) from which the cells areto be detached and pushed to waste. A buffer (e.g., in 2376) can beadded to the cultures combined with optional agitation to wash thecells, and then the buffer removed from the culture and pushed to waste.The enzyme (e.g., in container 2377) can be pumped into the relevantcell culture containers, left for a while with optional agitation to aidthe detachment, and then the solution diluted with fresh media (e.g.,from 2305′) to quench the enzyme, and then the cell suspension ispassaged/harvested/with the enzyme diluted in the mixture. FIGS. 61A and61B include a Table 2, which includes an example of a cell passagingprocedure for maintaining an adherent cell line, listing for each step,the source for the fluid, the destination, the type of fluid and thevolume within each of the cell culturing containers during theprocedure. Although specific procedures are outlined in FIG. 61, thesystem 2300 can be used to perform any of the methods for cell culturingdescribed herein (including the methods described above with referenceto FIGS. 12-14).

FIGS. 62A-62C illustrate container/vessel lid 2408 according to anembodiment. The lid 2408 can be used in any of the embodiments of a cellculture system described herein. The lid 2408 can be screwed on to themouth of a cell culture container or other container as described hereinsuch that the lid 2408 engages with the threads of the mouth of cellculture container. In this example embodiment, the lid 2408 has a liquidport 2483 and a gas port 2484. A liquid channel 2485 is threadedlyengaged with the liquid port 2483. A gas filter 2486 (see FIG. 62C) isthreadedly engaged with gas port 2483. Gas filter 2486 may allow gasexchange in and out of the cell culture container while blocking anymicrobes or pathogens from entering the cell container. In anembodiment, the gas filter 2486 is a 0.22 micron filter.

FIGS. 63A-63D illustrate an example embodiment of a multiport valve 2407according to an embodiment. The multiport valve 2407 can be used in anyof the embodiments of a cell culturing system described herein. In thisembodiment, the multiport valve 2407 includes a valve body 2487 having amaster port 2488 on a top side and multiple selectable ports 2489dispersed around its circumference of the valve body 2487 (see, e.g.,FIGS. 64A-64C).

The valve body 2487 has a cylindrical cavity on its underside to which arotatable cylindrical valve rotor 2490 is inserted. Within rotatablecylindrical valve rotor 2490 is a fluid channel 2491 (see FIGS.65A-65C). Within the valve body 2487 is a fluid channel 2492, whichfluidly connects the master port 2488 to the fluid channel 2491 of thevalve rotor 2490. The connection between fluid channel 2492 and fluidchannel 2491 allows for the master port 2488 to be selectively fluidlyconnected to one of the side ports 2489 via rotation of the valve rotor2490 (and therefore the fluid channel 2491). The valve rotor 2490includes a mechanical coupler 2493 (see FIG. 65C), which is configuredto mechanically couple to a valve actuator of the system, which can havea cavity shaped to accept the mechanical coupler 2493 and transferrotational mechanical energy to the multiport valve 2407.

The multiport valve 2407 can be made of any appropriate material, andthe valve body 2487 and valve rotor 2490 may be made of the same ordifferent materials. Examples of materials that may be used includeplastics, TFE-based materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE,metals, rubbers, or similar materials. In some embodiments, the valvebody 2487 and valve rotor 2490 may be machined to fit with very closetolerances so that a fluid-tight seal is created between the twocomponents. In some embodiments, additional gaskets, bearings, seals,and/or flanges may be incorporated into multiport valve 2407 to providefor a fluid-tight connection between valve body 2487 and valve rotor2490.

As described for some of the embodiments herein, holders and/or couplersare provided on the tray assembly (e.g., for waste and/or reagentcontainers) for example, for transport purposes, then the containers areremoved and placed in the incubator (e.g., waste container) or in arefrigerator (e.g., reagent container). In some embodiments, the cellculture containers are provided after the overwrap is removed from atray during preparation for a cell culturing procedure. In someembodiments, the cell culture containers can be provided with the trayassembly within the overwrap (i.e., preassembled on the tray). Forexample, a sterilization method (e.g., an ethylene oxide) can be used tosterilize the tray with the cell culture containers connected.

In some embodiments, rather than adding the cells to a cell culturecontainer within an aseptic environment (e.g., laminar flow hood), insome cases, the cells can be added outside of the hood. For example, alid can be provided with an aseptic connector, such as, a septum-styleconnector on it. The lid can include a first portion of the asepticconnector, (e.g., the female or male portion) and a vial of cells caninclude a second portion of the septum connector (e.g., the other of themale or female portion). The vial of cells (e.g., defrosted cells) canbe, for example, in the flow hood. The second portion of the connectorof the vial can then be connected to the first portion of the asepticconnection of the lid, which can be disposed on a tray assembly withinan incubator, or at a location outside the flow hood. Thus, the vial ofcells can be coupled to the tray assembly outside the asepticenvironment. In some embodiments, the lid with the septum could be puton the vial of cells before the cells are frozen. In some situations, aspecialized “freezing medium” can be added to the vial before the cellsare frozen in order to ensure the cells don't get burst by ice crystalsduring freezing. In another example, in some embodiments, cells areharvested on the system by transferring the cell suspension from aflask/container into a vial with a lid with a septum connection on it.For example, in some embodiments, the tray assembly can be shipped witha detachable harvesting vessel, which can have a lid with an asepticconnector as described above. After the cells have been harvested, theaseptic connection can then be disconnected and the vial removed fromthe tray assembly. Although not shown and described above for specificembodiments, lids and containers/vessels with septum-style connectors asdescribed above can be used in any of the embodiments of a cellculturing system described herein.

In some embodiments, a cell culturing system as described herein can beself-incubating. In other words, the base unit can enclose and incubatethe tray. For example, the system can include an enclosure with aheater, and appropriate gas and humidity control. Such a system caninclude temperature sensors, CO2 and/or O2 sensors, a humidity sensorand an electronic control system that includes a temperature module, gasmodules, and a humidity module to monitor and control the functions ofthe incubator.

Some portions of the preceding detailed descriptions have been presentedin terms of algorithms and symbolic representations of operations ondata bits within a computer memory. These algorithmic descriptions andrepresentations are the ways used by those skilled in the dataprocessing arts to most effectively convey the substance of their workto others skilled in the art. An algorithm is here, and generally,conceived to be a self-consistent sequence of operations leading to adesired result. The operations are those requiring physicalmanipulations of physical quantities. Usually, though not necessarily,these quantities take the form of electrical or magnetic signals capableof being stored, combined, compared, and otherwise manipulated. It hasproven convenient at times, principally for reasons of common usage, torefer to these signals as bits, values, elements, symbols, characters,terms, numbers, or the like.

It should be borne in mind, however, that all of these and similar termsare to be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and aremerely convenient labels applied to these quantities. Unlessspecifically stated otherwise as apparent from the above discussion, itis appreciated that throughout the description, discussions utilizingterms such as “identifying” or “determining” or “executing” or“performing” or “collecting” or “creating” or “sending” or the like,refer to the action and processes of a computer system, or similarelectronic computing device, that manipulates and transforms datarepresented as physical (electronic) quantities within the computersystem's registers and memories into other data similarly represented asphysical quantities within the computer system memories or registers orother such information storage devices.

The present disclosure also relates to an apparatus for performing theoperations herein. This apparatus may be specially constructed for theintended purposes, or it may comprise a general-purpose computerselectively activated or reconfigured by a computer program stored inthe computer. Such a computer program may be stored in a computerreadable storage medium, such as, but not limited to, any type of diskincluding floppy disks, optical disks, CD-ROMs, and magnetic-opticaldisks, read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), EPROMs,EEPROMs, magnetic or optical cards, or any type of media suitable forstoring electronic instructions, each coupled to a computer system bus.

Various general-purpose systems may be used with programs in accordancewith the teachings herein, or it may prove convenient to construct amore specialized apparatus to perform the method. The structure for avariety of these systems will appear as set forth in the descriptionbelow. In addition, the present disclosure is not described withreference to any particular programming language. It will be appreciatedthat a variety of programming languages may be used to implement theteachings of the disclosure as described herein.

The present disclosure may be provided as a computer program product, orsoftware, that may include a machine-readable medium having storedthereon instructions, which may be used to program a computer system (orother electronic devices) to perform a process according to the presentdisclosure. A machine-readable medium includes any mechanism for storinginformation in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer). Forexample, a machine-readable (e.g., computer-readable) medium includes amachine (e.g., a computer) readable storage medium such as a read onlymemory (“ROM”), random access memory (“RAM”), magnetic disk storagemedia, optical storage media, flash memory devices, etc.

Some embodiments described herein relate to a computer storage productwith a non-transitory computer-readable medium (also can be referred toas a non-transitory processor-readable medium) having instructions orcomputer code thereon for performing various computer-implementedoperations. The computer-readable medium (or processor-readable medium)is non-transitory in the sense that it does not include transitorypropagating signals per se (e.g., a propagating electromagnetic wavecarrying information on a transmission medium such as space or a cable).The media and computer code (also can be referred to as code) may bethose designed and constructed for the specific purpose or purposes.Examples of non-transitory computer-readable media include, but are notlimited to: magnetic storage media such as hard disks, floppy disks, andmagnetic tape; optical storage media such as Compact Disc/Digital VideoDiscs (CD/DVDs), Compact Disc-Read Only Memories (CD-ROMs), andholographic devices; magneto-optical storage media such as opticaldisks; carrier wave signal processing modules; and hardware devices thatare specially configured to store and execute program code, such asApplication-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Programmable LogicDevices (PLDs), Read-Only Memory (ROM) and Random-Access Memory (RAM)devices.

Examples of computer code include, but are not limited to, micro-code ormicro-instructions, machine instructions, such as produced by acompiler, code used to produce a web service, and files containinghigher-level instructions that are executed by a computer using aninterpreter. For example, embodiments may be implemented usingimperative programming languages (e.g., C, Fortran, etc.), functionalprogramming languages (Haskell, Erlang, etc.), logical programminglanguages (e.g., Prolog), object-oriented programming languages (e.g.,Java, C++, etc.) or other suitable programming languages and/ordevelopment tools. Additional examples of computer code include, but arenot limited to, control signals, encrypted code, and compressed code.

A number of embodiments have been described. Nevertheless, it will beunderstood that various modifications may be made without departing fromthe spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, the logic flowsdepicted in the figures do not require the particular order shown, orsequential order, to achieve desirable results. In addition, other stepsmay be provided, or steps may be eliminated, from the described flows,and other components may be added to, or removed from, the describedsystems. Accordingly, other embodiments are within the scope of thefollowing claims.

While various embodiments of the invention have been described above, itshould be understood that they have been presented by way of exampleonly, and not limitation. Where methods described above indicate certainevents occurring in certain order, the ordering of certain events may bemodified. Additionally, certain of the events may be performedconcurrently in a parallel process when possible, as well as performedsequentially as described above. Any of the components andsub-components described herein can be included in any of theembodiments unless mutually exclusive. For example, in some embodiments,an agitator, an electronic control system, sensors, lights, variouscontainers, etc. are not shown or described, but it should be understoodthat any embodiment can include one or more of these components and/orfeatures.

As another example, although the cell culture systems are describedabove as including a multiport valve, in some embodiments, a cellculture system may not include a multiport valve as described herein,but instead include one or more single port valves. For example, in someembodiments, a cell culture assembly can include a set of single portvalves that control the flow into or out of each container and/or lid.The set of single port valves can be connected to a central pump by amanifold or other connected. The single port valves can be, for example,pinch valves (that pinch the tubing coupling a container to anotherelement in the system), a needle valve, or the like.

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus, comprising: a housing defining a receiving portion; a tray assembly including a tray, a first container coupled to the tray, and a second container coupled to the tray, the tray assembly configured to be removably received within the receiving portion of the housing; a multiport valve coupled to the first container and the second container, the multiport valve including a master port and a plurality of selectable ports; a pump actuator coupled to the housing and configured to be operatively coupled to a fluid pump, the fluid pump configured to be coupled to the master port of the multiport valve; a valve actuator coupled to the housing and configured to be coupled to the multiport valve when the tray assembly is coupled to the receiving portion of the housing, the valve actuator and the pump actuator collectively configured to selectively move a fluid into and out of the first container and into and out of the second container when the tray assembly is received within the receiving portion of the housing; and an agitator coupled to the housing and configured to engage the tray assembly when the tray assembly is received within the receiving portion of the housing, the agitator configured to agitate the tray assembly including the first container and the second container.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a sensor movably coupled to the housing and configured to produce a cell signal associated with a quantity of cells within the first container.
 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the sensor is an imager coupled to the housing and configured to image a cell sample within the first container when the tray assembly is received within the receiving portion such that at least one of a confluence or a density of cells within the first container can be determined.
 4. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a sensor movably coupled to the housing and configured to produce a cell signal associated with a quantity of cells within a fluid sample within a cell counting chip coupled to the tray.
 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the multiport valve has a first position coupled to the tray and is configured to be moved to a second position in which the multiport valve is removed from the tray and coupled to the valve actuator.
 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the valve actuator includes a keyed drive member configured to matingly engage the multiport valve.
 7. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: an electronic control system configured to control movement of the fluid into and out of the first container and into and out of the second container when the tray assembly is received within the receiving portion.
 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein: when the tray assembly is received within the receiving portion, the electronic control system is configured to control fluid movement out of a reagent container and into one of the first container or the second container via the multiport valve; and the electronic control system is configured to control fluid movement out of one the first container or the second container and into a waste container via the multiport valve.
 9. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a sensor configured to monitor a color of a cell sample within the first container when the tray assembly is received within the receiving portion, the first container containing a color-based pH indicator such that a pH of the cell sample within the first container can be determined.
 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first container and the second container are each coupled to the tray.
 11. An apparatus, comprising: a housing defining a receiving portion; a tray assembly including a tray configured to support a first container and a second container thereon, the tray assembly configured to be received within the receiving portion of the housing; a multiport valve including a master port and a plurality of selectable ports; a pump actuator coupled to the housing and configured to be operatively coupled to a fluid pump; a valve actuator coupled to the housing and configured to be coupled to the multiport valve, the valve actuator and the pump actuator collectively configured to selectively move fluid in and out of the first container containing a first cell sample when the first container is coupled to the tray and in and out of the second container when the second container is coupled to the tray; a cell counting chip coupled to the tray and configured to receive a portion of a fluid mixture from the first container that includes the first cell sample and a reagent; and an electronic control system operably coupled to the valve actuator and the pump actuator, the electronic control system including: a cell sensor movably coupled to the housing, the cell sensor configured to produce a sensor output associated with the fluid mixture within the cell counting chip; and a cell sensor program implemented in at least one of a memory or a processor of the electronic control system and configured to produce a cell signal associated with one of a density of cells and a quantity of cells within the first container based on the sensor output of the cell sensor, the cell sensor program being configured to control movement of the cell sensor to align the cell sensor with the cell counting chip.
 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein: the electronic control system includes an actuator program implemented in at least one of the memory or the processor of the electronic control system, the actuator program being configured to receive the cell signal and produce, based on the cell signal, at least one of a valve control signal or a pump control signal to control movement of a first volume of fluid out of the first container and into a waste container, and movement of a second volume of fluid out of a reagent container and into the first container.
 13. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising: an agitator coupled to the housing and configured to engage the tray assembly when the tray assembly is coupled to the receiving portion, the agitator configured to agitate the tray assembly.
 14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the cell sensor program is configured to control movement of the cell sensor relative to the housing such that the cell sensor can be disposed adjacent the first container and produce the sensor output associated with the first cell sample within the first container.
 15. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising: a valve sensor configured to produce a valve position signal associated with a rotation position of the valve actuator, the valve position signal indicating a selection of one of the plurality of selectable ports of the multiport valve.
 16. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the electronic control system further includes a radio configured to electronically communicate with a computer, the radio configured to send to the computer a wireless signal associated with a measurement associated with a quantity of cells within the first container.
 17. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising: a pump sensor configured to produce a pump signal associated with a position of the pump actuator during operation.
 18. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the cell counting chip includes a transparent window through which the cell sensor can view the fluid mixture within the cell counting chip.
 19. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first container and the second container are each coupled to the tray.
 20. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the cell sensor is an imager coupled to the housing.
 21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the cell sensor is configured to image the first cell sample within the first container when the tray assembly is received within the receiving portion such that at least one of a confluence or a density of the cells within the first container can be determined.
 22. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the cell sensor is a microscope.
 23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the cell sensor is configured to produce a sensor output associated with the fluid mixture within the cell counting chip including an image of the contents.
 24. An apparatus, comprising: a housing; a support plate coupled to the housing and defining a receiving portion; a tray assembly including a tray, a first container coupled to the tray, and a second container coupled to the tray, the tray assembly configured to be received within the receiving portion of the support plate; a multiport valve coupled to the first container and the second container, the multiport valve including a master port and a plurality of selectable ports; a pump actuator coupled to the housing and configured to be operatively coupled to a fluid pump, the fluid pump configured to be coupled to the master port of the multiport valve; a valve actuator coupled to the housing and configured to be coupled to the multiport valve when the tray assembly is coupled to the receiving portion of the support plate, the valve actuator and the pump actuator collectively configured to selectively move a first fluid into and out of the first container and a second fluid into and out of the second container when the tray assembly is received within the receiving portion of the support plate; and an agitator coupled to the support plate and configured to agitate the support plate such that when the tray assembly is received within the receiving portion of the support plate the agitator agitates the tray assembly including the first container and the second container.
 25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the pump actuator is coupled to the housing and spaced at a distance from the support plate.
 26. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the valve actuator is coupled to the housing and spaced at a distance from the support plate. 